[96] From the Greek [Greek:  ay)topsi/a], signifying a seeing with ones own eyes.  The candidate, who had previously been called a mystes, or a blind man, from [Greek:  mi/o], to shut the eyes, began at this point to change his title to that of an epopt, or an eye-witness.

[97] Yehi aur va yehi aur.

[98] Robert William Mackay, Progress of the Intellect, vol. i. p. 93.

[99] “And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim.”—­Exod. xxviii. 30.—­The Egyptian judges also wore breastplates, on which was represented the figure of Ra, the sun, and Thme, the goddess of Truth, representing, says Gliddon, “Ra, or the sun, in a double capacity—­physical and intellectual light; and Thme, in a double capacity—­justice and truth.”—­Ancient Egypt, p. 33.

[100] We owe this interesting discovery to F. Portal, who has given it in his elaborate work on Egyptian symbols as compared with those of the Hebrews.  To those who cannot consult the original work in French, I can safely recommend the excellent translation by my esteemed friend, Bro.  John W. Simons, of New York, and which will be found in the thirtieth volume of the “Universal Masonic Library.”

[101] “The most early defection to Idolatry,” says Bryant, “consisted in the adoration of the sun and the worship of demons, styled Baalim.”—­Analysts of Anc.  Mythol. vol. iii. p. 431.

[102] The remarks of Mr. Duncan on this subject are well worth perusal.  “Light has always formed one of the primary objects of heathen adoration.  The glorious spectacle of animated nature would lose all its interest if man were deprived of vision, and light extinguished; for that which is unseen and unknown becomes, for all practical purposes, as valueless as if it were non-existent.  Light is a source of positive happiness; without it, man could barely exist; and since all religious opinion is based on the ideas of pleasure and pain, and the corresponding sensations of hope and fear, it is not to be wondered if the heathen reverenced light.  Darkness, on the contrary, by replunging nature, as it were, into a state of nothingness, and depriving man of the pleasurable emotions conveyed through the organ of sight, was ever held in abhorrence, as a source of misery and fear.  The two opposite conditions in which man thus found himself placed, occasioned by the enjoyment or the banishment of light, induced him to imagine the existence of two antagonist principles in nature, to whose dominion he was alternately subject.  Light multiplied his enjoyments, and darkness diminished them.  The former, accordingly, became his friend, and the latter his enemy.  The words ‘light’ and ‘good,’ and ‘darkness’ and ‘evil,’ conveyed similar ideas, and became, in sacred language, synonymous terms.  But as good and evil were not supposed to flow from one and the same source, no