and war being the normal state of the lower races, our next task is to ascertain what were the influences that induced woman to adopt the habit of repelling advances instead of making them.  It is one of the most interesting questions in sexual psychology, which has never been answered satisfactorily; it and gains additional interest from the fact that we find among the most ancient and primitive races phenomena which resemble coyness and have been habitually designated as such.  As we shall see in a moment, this is an abuse of language, confounding genuine resistance or aversion with coyness.

Chinese maidens often feel so great an aversion to marriage as practised in their country that they prefer suicide to it.  Douglas says (196) that Chinese women often ask English ladies, “Does your husband beat you?” and are surprised if answered “No.”  The gallant Chinaman calls his wife his “dull thorn,” and there are plenty of reasons apart from Confucian teachings why “for some days before the date fixed, the bride assumes all the panoply of woe, and weeps and wails without ceasing.”  She is about to face the terrible ordeal of being confronted for the first time with the man who has been chosen for her, and who may be the ugliest, vilest wretch in the world—­possibly even a leper, such cases being on record.  Douglas (124) reports the case of six girls who committed suicide together to avoid marriage.  There exist in China anti-matrimonial societies of girls and young widows, the latter doubtless, supplying the experience that serves as the motive for establishing such associations.

Descending to the lowest stratum of human life as witnessed in Australia, we find that, as Meyer asserts (11), the bride appears “generally to go very unwillingly” to the man she has been assigned to.  Lumholtz relates that the man seizes the woman by the wrists and carries her off “despite her screams, which can be heard till she is a mile away.”  “The women,” he says, “always make resistance; for they do not like to leave their tribe, and in many instances they have the best of reasons for kicking their lovers.”  What are these reasons?  As all observers testify, they are not allowed any voice in the choice of their husbands.  They are usually bartered by their father or brothers for other women, and in many if not most cases the husbands assigned to them are several times their age.  Before they are assigned to a particular man the girls indulge in promiscuous intercourse, whereas after marriage they are fiercely guarded.  They may indeed attempt to elope with another man more suited to their age, but they do so at the risk of cruel injury and probable death.  The wives have to do all the drudgery; they get only such food as the husbands do not want, and on the slightest suspicion of intrigue they are maltreated horribly.  Causes enough surely for their resistance to obligatory marriage.  This resistance is a frank expression of genuine unwillingness, or aversion, and has nothing in common with real coyness, which signifies the mere semblance of unwillingness on the part of a woman who is at least half-willing.  Such expressions as Goldsmith’s “the coy maid, half willing to be pressed,” and Dryden’s