Book Ten begins by describing the particular situation which leads to Krishna’s birth.  The scene is Mathura, a town in northern India, adjoining the kingdom of the Kauravas.  The surrounding country is known as Braj and its ruling families are the Yadavas.  Just outside Mathura is the district of Gokula which is inhabited by cowherds.  These are on friendly terms with the Yadavas, but are inferior to them in caste and status.  The time is some fifty years or more before the battle of Kurukshetra and the ruling king is Ugrasena.  Ugrasena’s queen is Pavanarekha and a mishap to her sets in train a series of momentous events.

One day she is taking the air in a park, when she misses her way and finds herself alone.  A demon, Drumalika, is passing and, entranced by her grace, decides to ravish her.  He takes the form of her husband, Ugrasena, and despite Pavanarekha’s protests proceeds to enjoy her.  Afterwards he assumes his true shape.  Pavanarekha is dismayed but the demon tells her that he has given her a son who will ’vanquish the nine divisions of the earth, rule supreme and fight Krishna.’  Pavanarekha tells her maids that a monkey has been troubling her.  Ten months later a son is born.  He is named Kansa and the court rejoices.

As Kansa grows up he reveals his demon’s nature.  He ignores his father’s words, murders children and defeats in battle King Jarasandha of Magadha.[12] The latter gives him two daughters in marriage.  He then deposes his father, throws him into prison, assumes his powers and bans the worship of Vishnu.  As his crimes increase, he extends his conquests.  At last Earth can bear the burden no longer and appeals to the gods to approach the supreme Deity, Brahma, to rid her of the load.  Brahma as Creator can hardly do this, but Vishnu as Preserver agrees to intervene and plans are laid.  Among the Yadava nobility are two upright persons.  The first is Devaka, the younger brother of King Ugrasena and thus an uncle to the tyrant.  The second is a certain Vasudeva.  Devaka has six daughters, all of whom he marries to Vasudeva.  The seventh is called Devaki.  Vishnu announces that Devaki will also be married to Vasudeva, and plucking out two of his hairs—­one black and one white—­he declares that these will be the means by which he will ease Earth’s burden.  The white hair is part of Sesha, the great serpent, which is itself a part of Vishnu and this will be impersonated as Devaki’s seventh child.  The black hair is Vishnu’s own self which will be impersonated as Devaki’s eighth child.  The child from the white hair will be known as Balarama and the child from the black hair as Krishna.  As Krishna, Vishnu will then kill Kansa.  Earth is gratified and retires and the stage is set for Krishna’s coming.

Devaki, with Kansa’s approval, is now married to Vasudeva.  The wedding is being celebrated in the grandest manner when a voice from heaven is heard saying, ’Kansa, the eighth son of her whom you are now escorting will cause your destruction.  You shall die at his hand.’  Kansa is greatly alarmed and is about to slay Devaki when Vasudeva agrees to yield him all their sons.  Kansa accordingly spares her.  Each of Devaki’s first six sons, however, is delivered up at birth and each is slaughtered.