likely to give satisfaction.  Louise Bonne de Jersey succeeds in almost any soil and in any situation, is a great favourite, and ripens its fruit in October.  Beurre Giffard makes a fine standard, and ripens in July.  Beurre Hardy is delicious in October and November.  Doyenne du Comice is one of the best-flavoured, and is very prolific.  Beurre d’Amanlis ripens in August.  Williams’s Bon Chretien, Aston Town, Pitmaston Duchess, Clapp’s Favourite, Comte de Lamy, and Josephine de Malines are all reliable for dessert, while for stewing purposes Catillac, Black Pear of Worcester, Verulam, and Vicar of Winkfield are among the best.  In orchards standards should be from 20 to 25 ft. apart; dwarfs 12 ft. to 1 rod.

Peas.—­For the production of heavy summer and autumn crops a rich and deeply-stirred soil is essential, one of the best fertilisers being well-decayed farmyard manure; but for the earliest crop a poorer soil, if deep and well pulverised, will give the best results.  Peas under 3 ft. in height do not require sticking, but they can be more easily gathered if a few small twigs are used to keep the haulm off the ground.  If sown in successive lines the space between the rows should correspond with the height of the variety grown.  A good plan is to arrange the rows 10 or 15 ft. apart, and crop the intervening spaces with early dwarf vegetables.  The earliest varieties may be sown from November to February, on the warmest and most sheltered border:  these may be gathered in May and June.  The second early round, varieties, if sown from January to April, will be ready for gathering in June and July.  The main crop round varieties may be sown from February to May:  these will be ready to gather in July and August.  The early wrinkled varieties may be sown from March to June, for gathering between June and September.  Sow main crop and late varieties at intervals of fourteen days from March to May:  these will be ready to gather in July, August, and September.  When the plants are a couple of inches high draw the earth neatly round them, and stake the taller varieties as soon as the tendrils appear.  Keep them well watered in dry weather, and if on a light soil a mulching of manure will be beneficial.  As soon as the pods are setting apply weak liquid manure to the roots when the ground is moist.

Peas, Everlasting (Lathyrus Latifolia).—­These well-known and favourite hardy perennials are very useful for covering trellises, etc.  They will grow in any garden soil, and may be raised from seed sown early in spring in slight heat.  Where there is no greenhouse or frame the seed may be planted, about 1/2 in. deep, round the edges of pots filled with nice, light soil, and covered with a sheet of glass, keeping the soil moist till the seed germinates.  When the plants are strong enough they may be placed in their permanent quarters.  They bloom from June to September.  Old roots may be divided.  Height, 6 ft.