The illuminating grenade (Fig. 13) consists of a sphere of vulcanized rubber, two inches in diameter, charged with the Lamarre white composition.  The sphere contains an aperture to allow of the insertion of a fuse.  The priming is effected by means of a tin tube filled with a composition consisting of three parts of priming powder, two of sulphur, and one of saltpeter.  These grenades are thrown either by hand or with a sling, and they may likewise be shot from mortars.  Each of these projectiles illuminates a circle thirty feet in diameter for a space of time that varies, according to the wind, from sixty to eighty seconds.

The percussion signal (Fig. 14) consists of a cylinder of zinc, one inch in diameter and one and a quarter inch in length, filled with Lamarre red composition.  It is provided with a wooden handle, and the fuse consists of a capsule which is exploded by striking it against some rough object.  This signal burns for nearly a minute.

Belgian illuminating balls and cylinders are canvas bags filled with certain compositions.  The cylinders, five inches in diameter and seven in length, are charged with a mixture of six parts of sulphur, two of priming powder, one of antimony, and two of beeswax cut up into thin slices.  They are primed with a quickmatch.  The balls, one and a half inch in diameter, are charged with a composition consisting of twelve parts of saltpeter, eight of sulphur, four of priming powder, two of sawdust, two of beeswax, and two of tallow.  They are thrown by hand.  They burn for six minutes.

Illuminating kegs (Fig. 15) consist of powder kegs filled with shavings covered with pitch.  An aperture two or three inches in diameter is made in each head, and then a large number of holes, half an inch in diameter, and arranged quincuncially, are bored in the staves and heads.  All these apertures are filled with port-fires.

The illuminating rocket (Fig. 17) consists of a sheet iron cartridge, a, containing a composition designed to give it motion, of a cylinder, b, of sheet iron, capped with a cone of the same material and containing illuminating stars of Lamarre composition and an explosive for expelling them, and, finally, of a directing stick, c.  Priming is effected by means of a bunch of quickmatches inclosed in a cardboard tube placed in contact with the propelling composition.  This latter is the same as that used in signal rockets.  As in the case of the latter, a space is left in the axis of the cartridges.  These rockets are fired from a trough placed at an inclination of fifty or sixty degrees.  Those of three inches illuminate the earth for a distance of 900 yards.  They may be used to advantage in the operation of signaling.

A parachute fire is a device designed to be ejected from a pot at the end of the rocket’s travel, and to emit a bright light during its slow descent.  It consists of a small cylindrical cardboard box (Fig. 16) filled with common star paste or Lamarre stars, and attached to a parachute, e, by means of a small brass chain, d.