On the summit of the hill to the right, touching the old walls and towers, is the convent of Santa Clara.  Immediately below the Cathedral, the rocky steep has been cut into terraces, and laid out in gardens.  The river is bordered by the old city wall.  A noble street, the Rua Nova de St. Joao, is seen opening upon the quay on the left.  Part of the bridge of boats appears on the right:  it was first constructed in the year 1806, destroyed in 1809, but re-established in 1815.  It was the scene of dreadful slaughter at the time the city was given up to pillage by the French.  Some of the boats forming it had been destroyed, and many of the wretched inhabitants crowding to the bridge, in hopes of escaping from the enemy’s sword were urged on by the affrighted multitude into the rapid stream, and thus perished.  On the river, to the right and left, is seen a Portuguese coasting vessel, called Hyate; in the centre is a wine-boat of the Douro, with a raised platform for the steersman.  The foreground of the view is the shore of Villa Nova, adjoining the quay.  The chief article of export is wine;[5] and here is the grand depot for this commodity, which is stowed in long, low buildings, called lodges.

    [4] Here is the altar of wrought silver, which was fortunately
    rescued from the hands of the French, when in possession of
    Oporto.

[5] The annual average quantity of wine exported from Oporto to Great Britain, was in the ten years, 1813-1822, 24,364 pipes, and to all other parts of the world only 1,094 pipes per annum.  The quantity since 1822 has not materially altered.—­See a Communication to vol. xv. of the Mirror, p. 118.

“On the quays,” says Mr. Kinsey, “are seen fine blocks of granite, already converted into form, having their edges cased with wood, ready to be shipped off for buildings in Brazil, where it appears that no good stone, or, at least, so durable as this, can be procured;—­pipe-staves from Memel,—­flax and iron,—­and occasionally coals from the north of England.  There are generally at anchor in the river between Villa Nova and Oporto, Russian, Brazilian, English, American, Dutch, Danish, and some French vessels; but many of the latter nation are not to be found in the Portuguese ports.  Two thirds of the shipping to be seen in the Douro, are British, Brazilian, or Portuguese.”

The gardens of the city are luxuriantly stored.  Brazilian plants, easily distinguished by their gaudy colours, vines on trellis, superb lemon-trees, lime and orange-trees, pear, apple, and plum-trees, and Alpine strawberries are in abundance.  The Indian cane, with its splendid blossom, whose colour resembles that of the Guernsey, or rather the Chinese lily, is a gay addition to the ornaments of this earthly paradise.  Mr. Kinsey says “The ulmis adjungere vitem is well known in poetical description, but in Portugal, besides overshadowing their artificial supporters, the vines are seen attaching themselves