there himself.  Bargaining among the members as to the selection had been going on almost from the first.  As early as April 26, 1789, before Washington had been installed in his office, Maclay mentions a meeting “to concert some measures for the removal of Congress.”  Thereafter notices of pending deals appear frequently in his diary.  After the defeat of the assumption bill, the diary notes the activity of Hamilton in this matter.  An entry of June 14, 1790, ascribes to Robert Morris the statement that “Hamilton said he wanted one vote in the Senate and five in the House of Representatives; that he was willing and would agree to place the permanent residence of Congress at Germantown or Falls of the Delaware (Trenton), if he would procure him those votes.”  Although definite knowledge is unattainable, one gets the impression, in following the devious course of these intrigues, that had Pennsylvania interests been united they could have decided the site of the national capital; but the delegation was divided over the relative merits of the Delaware and the Susquehanna as well as on the question of assumption.  Hamilton’s efforts in this quarter were ineffectual, and the winning combination was finally arranged elsewhere and otherwise by the aid of Jefferson.

Thomas Jefferson was at this time forty-seven years old, and owing both to seniority and to the distinguished positions he had held, he ranked as the most illustrious member of the Administration.  His correspondence at this period shows that he was fully aware of the importance of the crisis, and he did not overrate it when he wrote to James Monroe, June 20, 1790, that, unless the measures of the Administration were successful, “our credit will burst and vanish, and the States separate to take care everyone of itself.”  In this letter Jefferson outlined the compromise that was actually adopted by Congress.  The strongest opposition to the assumption bill had come from Virginia, although Maryland, Georgia, and New Hampshire also opposed it, and the Middle States were divided.  Jefferson was able to get enough Southern votes to carry assumption in return for enough votes from Hamilton’s adherents to carry the Potomac site.  An agreement was reached at a dinner given by Jefferson to which he invited Hamilton and Madison.  According to this arrangement, the capital was to remain in Philadelphia for ten years and after that to be on the Potomac River in a district ten miles square to be selected by the President.  The residence act was approved July 16, 1790; the funding and assumption measures, now combined in one bill, became law on August 4.