place.  The 11 cloud which lay upon his brow, at those times lit up with brightness; his face became radiant, and the old sternness was so charged with vigour and knitted strength to meet the foe, that it savoured of salvation, not of cruelty.  But when the pinch of danger was past, and it was open to them to go and taste subordination under some other officer, many forsook him.  So lacking in grace of manner was he; but was ever harsh and savage, so that the feeling of the soldiers towards him was that of schoolboys to a master.  In other words, though it was not his good fortune ever to have followers inspired solely by friendship or goodwill, yet those who found themselves under him, either by State appointment or through want, or other arch necessity, yielded him implicit obedience.  From the moment that he led them to victory, the elements which went to make his soldiers efficient were numerous enough.  There was the feeling of confidence in facing the foe, which never left them, and there was the dread of punishment at his hands to keep them orderly.  In this way and to this extent he knew how to rule; but to play a subordinate part himself he had no great taste; so, at any rate, it was said.  At the time of his death he must have been about fifty years of age.

Proxenus, the Boeotian, was of a different temperament.  It had been the dream of his boyhood to become a man capable of great achievements.  In obedience to this passionate desire it was, that he paid his fee to Gorgias of Leontini[1].  After enojoying that teacher’s society, he flattered himself that he must be at once qualified to rule; and while he was on friendly terms with the leaders of the age, he was not to be outdone in reciprocity of service[2].  In this mood he 17 threw himself into the projects of Cyrus, and in return expected to derive from this essay the reward of a great name, large power, and wide wealth.  But for all that he pitched his hopes so high, it was none the less evident that he would refuse to gain any of the ends he set before him wrongfully.  Righteously and honourably he would obtain them, if he might, or else forego them.  As a commander he had the art of leading gentlemen, but he failed to inspire adequately either respect for himself or fear in the soldiers under him.  Indeed, he showed a more delicate regard for his soldiers than his subordinates for him, and he was indisputably more apprehensive of incurring their hatred than they were of losing their fidelity.  The one thing needful to real and recognised generalship was, he thought, to praise the virtuous and to withhold praise from the evildoer.  It can be easily understood, then, that of those who were brought in contact with him, the good and noble indeed were his well-wishers; but he laid himself open to the machinations of the base, who looked upon him as a person to be dealt with as they liked.  At the time of his death he was only thirty years of age.

[1] The famous rhetorician of Leontini, 485-380 B.C.  His fee was 100
    minae.