year by three published addresses on “The Nervous System,” in which he presented those theories which were more carefully developed in his latest work, where he gave a systematic account of his philosophy.  From this time on to his death the greater part of his energies were given to these studies, and to the building up of a philosophy based on physiology.  A popular work, in which many of his theories are unfolded, and marked throughout by his peculiar ideas in regard to the relations of body and mind, was published in 1858.  This was his Physiology of Common Life, a work of great value, and written in a simple, comprehensive style, suited to the wants of the general reader.  In the first volume he wrote of hunger and thirst, food and drink, digestion, structure and uses of the blood, circulation of the blood, respiration and suffocation, and why we are warm and how we keep so.  The second treats of feeling and thinking, the mind and the brain, our senses and sensations, sleep and dreams, the qualities we inherit from our parents, and life and death.  In 1860 he printed in The Cornhill Magazine a series of six papers on animal life.  They were reprinted in book form in 1861, under the title of Studies in Animal Life.  More strictly scientific than his Seaside Studies, they were even more popular in style, and intended for the general reader.  While these books were being published he was at work on a more strictly scientific task, and one intended for the thoughtful and philosophic reader.  This was his Aristotle:  a Chapter from the History of Science, including Analyses of Aristotle’s Scientific Writings, which was completed early in 1862, but not published until 1864.  As in his previous works, Lewes is here mainly concerned with an exposition of his theories of the inductive method, and he judges Aristotle from this somewhat narrow position.  He refuses Aristotle a place among scientific observers, but says he gave a great impulse towards scientific study, while in intellectual force he was a giant.  The book contains no recognition of Aristotle’s value as a philosopher; indeed his metaphysics are treated with entire distrust or indifference.  His fame is pronounced to be justifiably colossal, but it is said he did not lay the basis of any physical science.  It is a work of controversy rather than of unbiassed exposition, and its method is dry and difficult.

Early in the year 1865, a few literary men in London conceived the project of a new review, which should avoid what they conceived to be the errors of the old ones.  It was to be eclectic in its doctrinal position, contain only the best literature, all articles were to be signed by the author’s name, and it was to be published by a joint-stock company.  Lewes was invited to become the editor of this new periodical, and after much urging he consented.  The first number of The Fortnightly Review was published May 15,1865, It proved a financial failure,