for imagination corresponds to personal feeling; it
sets aside all limits, all laws painful to the feelings,
and thus makes objective to man the immediate, absolutely
unlimited satisfaction of his subjective wishes.
The belief in miracle accepts wishes as realities.
In fact, the fundamental dogmas of Christianity are
simply realized wishes of the heart. This is
true, because the highest law of feeling is the immediate
unity of will and deed, of wishing and reality.
To religion, what is felt or wished is regarded as
real. In the Redeemer this is realized, wish
becomes fact. All things are to be wrought, according
to religion, by belief. Thus the future life
is a life where feeling realizes every desire.
Its whole import is that of the abolition of the discordance
which exists between wish and reality. It is
the realization of a state which corresponds to the
feelings, in which man is in unison with himself.
The other world is nothing more than the reality of
a known idea, the satisfaction of a conscious desire,
the fulfilment of a wish. “The sum of the
future life is happiness, the everlasting bliss of
personality, which is here limited and circumscribed
by nature. Faith in the future life is therefore
faith in the freedom of subjectivity from the limits
of nature; it is faith in the eternity and infinitude
of personality, and not of personality viewed in relation
to the idea of the species, in which it forever unfolds
itself in new individuals, but of personality as belonging
to already existing individuals; consequently, it is
the faith of man in himself. But faith in the
kingdom of heaven is one with faith in God; the context
of both ideas is the same; God is pure absolute subjectivity
released from all natural limits; he is what individuals
ought to be and will be; faith in God is therefore
the faith of man in the infinitude and truth of his
own nature; the Divine Being is the subjective human
being in his absolute freedom and unlimitedness.”
It is not probable that George Eliot confined her
philosophic studies to the writings of Charles Bray
and Feuerbach, but it is quite certain that in their
books which she did faithfully study, are to be found
some of the leading principles of her philosophy.
What gives greater confirmation to the supposition
that her philosophy was largely shaped under their
influence is the fact that her intimate friend, Sara
Hennell, drew from the same sources for the presentation
of theories quite identical with hers. Sara Hennell’s
Thoughts in Aid of Faith, published in 1860,
is an attempt to show that the religious sentiments
may be retained when the doctrines of theology are
intellectually rejected, that a disposition of the
heart akin to Paul’s may be present though conviction
be extinct. In securing this result, she too
takes Feuerbach as her guide, and his teachings she
claims are fully corroborated by the philosophy of
Herbert Spencer. Religion she regards as the
result of the tendency of man’s mind towards