[168] Spartianus, Had., 18.

[169] Capitolinus, Anton.  Pius, 7.  See also the anecdote of Aurelian in Vopiscus, Aurelian, 23.

[170] Codex, iv, 12, 2, rescript of Diocletian:  ob maritorum culpam uxores inquietari leges vetant. proinde rationalis noster, si res quae a fisco occupatae sunt dominii tui esse probaveris, ius publicum sequetur.

[171] Gaius, ii, 129 and 132.

[172] Gaius, ii, 132.

[173] Codex, iii, 36, 11:  Inter filios ac filias bona intestatorum parentium pro virilibus portionibus aequo iure dividi oportere explorati iuris est.

[174] Gaius, iii, 25-31.

[175] See, e.g., Codex, vi, 60, i:  Res, quae ex matris successione fuerint ad filios devolutae, ita sint in parentum potestate, ut fruendi dumtaxat habeant facultatem, dominio videlicet eorum ad liberos pertinente.

[176] For all this, see Codex, v, 9, 5, and vi, 18, q.

[177] Paulus, v, 4, 14, who adds that exile was the penalty if the crime had not been completely carried out.  It would seem also that ravished women had the option of deciding whether their seducers should marry them or be put to death—­see the vitiatarum electiones as mentioned by Tacitus, Dial. de Orat., 35.  According to Ruffus, 40, a soldier who did violence to a girl had his nostrils cut off, besides being forced to give the injured woman a third part of his goods:  militi, qui puellae vim adtulerit et stupraverit, nares abscinduntur, data puellae tertia militis facultatum parte.

[178] Paulus, v, 4, 21.

[179] By the lex Fabia.  Paulus, v, 30 B. Digest, 48, 15; 17, 2, 51.

[180] Ulpian in Dig., 48, 8, 8; ibid., Tryphoninus, 48, 19, 39.

[181] Paulus, v, 23, 14; id. in Dig., 48, 19, 38.

[182] Paulus, supra cit.

[183] Martial, x, 35, and x, 38.

[184] Sappho, Telesilla, and Corinna belong to an earlier period, when the Oriental idea of seclusion for women had not yet become firmly fixed in Greece.  Women like Agallis of Corcyra, who wrote on grammar (Athenaeus, i, 25) and lived in a much later age, doubtless belonged to the hetaerae class.

[185] See, e.g., Pliny, Letters, v, 16.

[186] Pliny, Letters, i, 16.

[187] Persius, i, 4-5:  Ne mihi Polydamas et Troiades Labeonem praetulerint?  “Are you afraid that Polydamas and the Trojan Ladies will prefer Labeo to me?” The Trojan Ladies, of course, stand for the aristocratic classes, Colonial Dames, so to speak, who were fond of tracing their descent back to Troy just as Americans like to discover that their ancestors came over in the Mayflower.

[188] Juvenal, vi, 434-440.

[189] Cf.  Martial, ii, 90:  sit mihi verna satur, sit non doctissima coniunx.

[190] The famous verses of Martial: 

Quid tibi nobiscum, ludi scelerate magister?  Invisum pueris virginibusque caput!