[145] Valerius Maximus, viii, 3, 2.

[146] Quintilian, ix, 2, 20 and 34.

[147] E.g., Pliny Letters, i, 5, and iv, 17.

[148] E.g., Huschke, pp. 796, 797, 803, 807, 809, 810, 856, 857, 858.  Or instances such as that mentioned in Digest, 48, 2, 18, where a sister brings an action to prove her brother’s will a forgery.

[149] Pliny, Letters, vi, 33.

[150] Paulus in Dig., 22, 6, 9.

[151] Fully treated in Dig., 16, 1, and Paulus, ii, xi.

[152] Ulpian in Dig., 16, 1, 2.

[153] Aulus Gellius, xvii, 6.  St. Augustine, de Civit.  Dei, iii, 21:  nam tunc, id est inter secundum et postremum bellum Carthaginiense, lata est etiam illa lex Voconis, ne quis heredem feminam faceret, nec unicam filiam.

[154] Dio, 56, 10.

[155] Aulus Gellius, xx, 1, 23.  According to Dio, 56, 10, it was Augustus who in the year 9 A.D. gave women permission to inherit any amount.

[156] Fully treated in Dig., 35, 2.  Also in Gaius, ii, 227, and Paulus, iii, viii, 1-3, and iv, 3, 3, and 5 and 6.

[157] Paulus, iv, Tit. v, 1.  Cases in which “Complaints of Undutiful Will” were the issue will be found, e.g., in Codex, iii, 28, 1 and 19 and 28; id., iii, 29, 1 and 7.

[158] Ulpian in Dig., 38, 16, 1:  suos heredes accipere debemus filios filias sive naturales sive adoptivos.  Instances of daughters being left heiresses of whole estates may be found, e.g., in Dig., 28, 2, 19:  cum quidam filiam ex asse heredem scripsisset filioque, quem in potestate habebat, decem legasset, etc.  Or the example mentioned by Scaevola in Dig., 41, 9, 3:  Duae filiae intestato patri heres exstiterunt, etc.

[159] Callistratus in Dig., 48, 19, 26:  crimen vel poena paterna nullam maculam filio infligere potest. namque unusquisque ex suo admisso sorti subicitur nec alieni criminis successor constituitur; idque divi fratres Hierapolitanis rescripserunt.  “Nothing is more unjust,” writes Seneca (de Ira, ii, 34, 3), “than that any one should become the heir of the odium excited by his father.”

[160] Paulus, v, xii, 1.

[161] Paulus, v, xii, 12.

[162] Ulpian in Dig., 48, 4, 11.

[163] Ulpian in Dig., 48, 4, 11.

[164] Hermogenianus in Dig., 48, 4, 9.

[165] Sulla had not only deprived the children of the proscribed of all their estates, but had also debarred them from aspiring to any political office—­see Velleius Paterculus, ii, 28.

[166] For examples of the clemency of Augustus see Suetonius, div.  Aug., 33 and 51 and 67; Seneca, de Ira, iii, 23, 4 ff., and 40, 2; Velleius Paterculus, ii, 86, 87.

[167] For Tiberius see, e.g., Tacitus, Annals, iv—­case of Silius; id., Annals, iii, 17, 18—­case of Piso.  For Nero, note Tacitus, Annals, xiii, 43—­case of Publius Suilius.  Clemency of Claudius mentioned in Dio, 60, 15, 16; of Vitellius in Tacitus, Hist., ii, 62.