[23] Great admiration expressed for Paulina, wife of Seneca, who opened her veins to accompany her husband in death—­Tacitus, Annals, xv, 63, 64.  Story of Arria and Paetus—­Pliny, Letters, iii, 16.  Martial, i, 13.  The famous instance of Epponina, under Vespasian, and her attachment to her condemned husband—­Tacitus, Hist., iv, 67.  Tacitus mentions that many ladies accompanied their husbands to exile and death—­Annals, xvi, 10, 11.  Numerous instances are related by Pliny of tender and happy marriages, terminated only by death—­see, e.g., Letters, viii, 5.  Pliny the elder tells how M. Lepidus died of regret for his wife after being divorced from her—­N.H., vii, 36.  Valerius Maximus devotes a whole chapter to Conjugal Love—­iv, 6.  But the best examples of deep affection are seen in tomb inscriptions—­e.g., CIL i, 1103, viii, 8123, ii, 3596, v, 1, 3496, v, 2, 7066, x, 8192, vi, 3, 15696, 15317, and 17690.  Man and wife are often represented with arms thrown about one another’s shoulders to signify that they were united in death as in life.  The poet Statius remarks that “to love a wife when she is living is pleasure; to love her when dead, a solemn duty” (Silvae, in prooemio).  Yet some theologians would have us believe that conjugal love and fidelity is an invention of Christianity.

[24] Pliny, Panegyricus, 26.  For other instances see Capitolinus, Anton.  Pius, 8; Lampridius, Alex.  Severus, 57; Spartianus, Hadrian, 7, 8, 9; Capitolinus, M.  Anton.  Phil., 11.

[25] Gaius, i, 190.

[26] Ulpian, Tit. xi, 25.  Cf.  Frag, iur Rom.  Vatic. (Huschke, 325):  Divi Diocletianus et Constantius Aureliae Pontiae:  Actor rei forum sequi debet et mulier quoque facere procuratorem sine tutoris auctoritate non prohibetur.  So Papinian, lib. xv, Responsorum (Huschke, 327).  I shall discuss these matters at greater length when I treat of women and the management of their property.

[27] Dio, 54, 16.  Pomponius in Dig., 23, 2, 4.

[28] Gaius, i, 113.

[29] Ulpian, Tit., ix, 1:  Farreo convenit uxor in manum certis verbis et testibus X praesentibus et sollemni sacrificio facto, in quo panis quoque farreus adhibetur.  Cf.  Gaius, i, 112.

[30] Aulus Gellius, iii, 2, 12.  Gaius, i, 111.

[31] Gaius, i, 110 and 111.

[32] Paulus, ii, xix, 8.

[33] Pliny, Letters, i, 14, will furnish an example; cf. id. vi, 26, to Servianus:  Gaudeo et gratulor, quod Fusco Salinatori filiam tuam destinasti.  Note the way in which Julius Caesar arranged a match for his daughter—­Suetonius, Divus Julius, 21.

[34] Paulus in Dig., 23, 2, 2:  Nuptiae consistere non possunt, nisi consentiunt omnes, id est, qui coeunt quorumque in potestate sunt.

[35] Julianus in Dig., 23, 1, 11.

[36] Ulpian in Dig., 23, 1, 12.

[37] Paulus in Dig., 23, 1, 13.  Terentius Clemens in Dig., 23, 2, 21.