of the Roman people to vent their wrath against slaves beyond measure and without reason.  In fact, by a decree of the sainted Antoninus (138-161 A.D.) a master who without cause kills his slave is ordered to be held no less than he who kills another’s slave.[208] An excessive severity on the part of masters is also checked by a constitution of the same prince.  On being consulted by certain governors about those slaves who rush for refuge to the shrines of the gods or the statues of emperors, he ordered that if the cruelty of masters seemed intolerable they should be compelled to sell their slaves.”  Severus ordained that the city prefect should prevent slaves from being prostituted[209].  Aurelian gave his slaves who had transgressed to be heard according to the laws by public judges[210].  Tacitus procured a decree that slaves were not to be put to inquisitorial torture in a case affecting a master’s life, not even if the charge was high treason[211].  So much for the laws that mitigated slavery under the Empire.  They were not ideal; but they would in more respects than one compare favourably with the similar legislation that was in force, prior to the Civil War, in the American Slave States.

SOURCES

I. Iurisprudentiae Anteiustinianae quae Supersunt. ed.  Ph.  Eduardus Huschke.  Lipsiae (Teubner), 1886 (fifth edition).

II.  Codex Iustinianus.  Recensuit Paulus Krueger.  Berolini apud Weidmannos, 1877.

Corpus Iuris Civilis:  Institutiones recognovit Paulus Krueger; Digesta recognovit Theodorus Mommsen.  Berolini apud Weidmannos, 1882.

Novellae:  Corpus Iuris Civilis.  Volumen Tertium recognovit Rudolfus Schoell; Opus Schoellii morte interceptum absolvit G. Kroll.  Berolini apud Weidmannos, 1895.

III.  The Fragments of the Perpetual Edict of Salvius Julianus.  Edited by Bryan Walken Cambridge University Press. 1877.

IV.  Pomponii de Origine Iuris Fragmentum:  recognovit Fridericus Osannus.  Gissae, apud Io.  Rickerum, 1848.

V. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Consilio et Auctoritate Academiae Litterarum Regiae Borussicae editum.  Berolini apud Georgium Reimerum (begun in 1863).

VI.  Valerii Maximi Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium Libri Novem:  cum Iulii Paridis et Ianvarii Nepotiani Epitomis:  iterum recensuit Carolus Kempf.  Lipsiae (Teubner), 1888.

VII.  Cassii Dionis Cocceiani Rerum Romanarum libri octaginta:  ab Immanuele Bekkero Recogniti.  Lipsiae, apud Weidmannos, 1849.

VIII.  C. Suetoni Tranquilli quae Supersunt Omnia:  recensuit Carolus L. Roth.  Lipsiae (Teubner), 1898.

IX.  A. Persii Flacci, D. Iunii Iuvenalis, Sulpiciae Saturae; recognovit Otto Iahn.  Editio altera curam agente Francisco Buecheler.  Berolini, apud Weidmannos, 1886.

X. Eutropi Breviarium ab Urbe Condita:  recognovit Franciscus Ruehl.  Lipsiae (Teubner), 1897.

XI.  Herodiani ab Excessu Divi Marci libri octo:  ab Immanuele Bekkero recogniti.  Lipsiae (Teubner), 1855.