a select few, were the fallacies which, in the last analysis, caused the collapse of the Roman Empire.  The luxury, immorality, and race-suicide which are popularly conceived to have been the immediate causes of Rome’s decline and fall, were in reality the logical results, the inevitable attendant phenomena of a political system based on a false hypothesis.  For when wealth was concentrated in a few hands, when there was no all-embracing popular education, all incentives to thrift, to private initiative, and hence to the development of the sturdy moral qualities which thrift and initiative cause and are the product of, were stifled.  A nation can reach its maximum power only when, through the harmonious cooperation of all its parts, the initiative and talents of every individual have free scope, untrammeled by special privilege, to reach that sphere for which nature has designed him or her.

NOTE:  The official organ of the National American Woman Suffrage Association is The Woman’s Journal, published weekly.  The headquarters are at 505 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

England has two organisations which differ in methods.  The National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies has adopted the constitutional or peaceful policy; it publishes The Common Cause, a weekly, at 2 Robert Street, Adelphi, W.C., London.  The “militant” branch of suffragettes forms the National Women’s Social and Political Union, and its weekly paper is Votes for Women, Lincoln’s Inn House, Kingsway, W.C.

The International Woman Suffrage Alliance issues the Jus Suffragii monthly at 62 Kruiskade, Rotterdam.

A good source from which to obtain the present status of women in Europe is the Englishwoman’s Year Book and Directory for 1914, published by Adam and Charles Black.

NOTES: 

[428] Twenty-six senators did not vote.  The question of negro suffrage complicated the matter with Southern senators.  Mr. Williams of Mississippi wished to limit the franchise to “white citizens”; but his amendment was voted down.  The list of senators voting for and against the woman suffrage amendment appears on page 5472 of the Congressional Record, March 19, 1914.  The debate is contained in pages 5454-5472.  Senator Tillman of South Carolina inserted a vicious attack on northern women by the late Albert Bledsoe, who advised them to “cut their hair short, and their petticoats, too, and enter a la bloomer the ring of political prizefighters.”  Bledsoe’s article will be found in the Record, July 28, 1913, 3115-3119.

[429] Record, May 6, 1913, 1221-1222.

[430] Record, May 6, 1913, 1222.

[431] Essays of Schopenhauer.  Translated by Mrs. Rudolf Dircks Pages 64-79.

[432] Any criticism of the Kaiser leads to arrest.  The most vigorous checks to Bourbon rule come from the Socialists, who in 1912 polled 4,250,300 votes.  But as the Kaiser, as King of Prussia, controls a majority of votes in the Bundesrath, or Federal Council, can dissolve the Reichstag, or House of Representatives, at any time with the consent of the Bundesrath, has sole power to appoint the chancellor, and is lord supreme of the army and navy, anything like real popular government is far off.