It will be seen that these instruments are not adapted for shifting about from place to place in order to observe different temperatures, but rather for following the variations of temperature at one and the same place.  For many purposes this is of great importance.  They have been used with great success in porcelain furnaces, both at the famous manufactories at Sevres and at another porcelain works in Limoges.  From both these establishments very favorable reports as to their working have been received.—­W.R.  Browne, in Nature.

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[Nature.]

THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SOLAR SURFACE.

I have, during the summer solstice of 1884, carried out an experimental investigation for the purpose of demonstrating the temperature of the solar surface corresponding with the temperature transmitted to the sun motor.  Referring to the illustrations previously published, it will be seen that the cylindrical heater of the sun motor, constructed solely for the purpose of generating steam or expanding air, is not well adapted for an exact determination of the amount of surface exposed to the action of the reflected solar rays.  It will be perceived on inspection that only part of the bottom of the cylindrical heater of the motor is acted upon by the reflected rays, and that their density diminishes gradually toward the sides of the vessel; also that owing to the imperfections of the surface of the reflecting plates the exact course of the terminal rays cannot be defined.  Consequently, the most important point in the investigation, namely, the area acted upon by the reflected radiant heat, cannot be accurately determined.  I have accordingly constructed an instrument of large dimensions, a polygonal reflector (see Fig. 1), composed of a series of inclined mirrors, and provided with a central heater of conical form, acted upon by the reflected radiation in such a manner that each point of its surface receives an equal amount of radiant heat in a given time.  The said reflector is contained within two regular polygonal planes twelve inches apart, each having ninety-six sides, the perimeter of the upper plane corresponding with a circle of eight feet diameter, that of the lower plane being six feet.  The corresponding sides of these planes are connected by flat taper mirrors composed of thin glass silvered on the outside.  When the reflector faces the sun at right angles, each mirror intercepts a pencil of rays of 32.61 square inches section, hence the entire reflecting surface receives the radiant heat of an annular sunbeam of 32.61 x 96 = 3,130 square inches section.  It should be observed that the area thus stated is 0.011 less than the total foreshortened superficies of the ninety-six mirrors if sufficiently wide to come in perfect contact at the vertices.  Fig. 2 represents a transverse section of the instrument as it appears when facing the sun; the direct and