OBS. 23.—­In some instances, the words in, on, of, for, to, with, and others commonly reckoned prepositions, are used after infinitives or participles, in a sort of adverbial construction, because they do not govern any objective; yet not exactly in the usual sense of adverbs, because they evidently express the relation between the verb or participle and a nominative or objective going before.  Examples:  “Houses are built to live in, and not to look on; therefore let use be preferred before uniformity, except where both may be had.”—­Ld.  Kames.  “These are not mysteries for ordinary readers to be let into.”—­ADDISON:  Joh.  Dict., w.  Let. “Heaven is worth dying for, though earth is not worth living for.”—­R.  Hall.  “What! have ye not houses to eat and to drink in?”—­1 Cor., xi, 22.  This is a very peculiar idiom of our language; and if we say, “Have ye not houses in which to eat and to drink?” we form an other which is not much less so.  Greek:  “[Greek:  Mae gar oikias ouk echete eis to esthiein kai pinein];” Latin:  “Num enim domos non habetis ad manducandum et bibendum?”—­Leusden.  “N’avez vous pas des maisons pour manger et pour boire?”—­French Bible.[315]

OBS. 24.—­In OBS. 10th, of Chapter Fourth, on Adjectives, it was shown that words of place, (such as, above, below, beneath, under, and the like,) are sometimes set before nouns in the character of adjectives, and not of prepositions:  as, “In the above list,”—­“From the above list.”—­Bullions’, E. Gram., p. 70.  To the class of adjectives also, rather than to that of adverbs, may some such words be referred, when, without governing the objective case, they are put after nouns to signify place:  as, “The way of life is above to the wise, that he may depart from hell beneath.”—­Prov., xv, 24.  “Of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath.”—­Exod., xx, 4.

   “Say first, of God above or man below,
    What can we reason but from what we know?”—­Pope.

LIST OF THE PREPOSITIONS.

The following are the principal prepositions, arranged alphabetically:  Aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, amid or amidst, among or amongst, around, at, athwart;—­Bating, before, behind, below, beneath, beside or besides, between or betwixt, beyond, by;—­Concerning;—­Down, during;—­Ere, except, excepting;—­For, from;—­In, into;—­Mid or midst;—­Notwithstanding;—­Of, off,[316] on, out, over, overthwart;—­Past, pending;—­Regarding, respecting, round;—­Since;—­Through, throughout, till, to, touching, toward or towards;—­Under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon;—­With, within, without.

OBSERVATIONS.