Adam and his partner learned to speak, while yet they stood blameless and blessed, entire and wanting nothing; free in the exercise of perfect faculties of body and mind, capable of acquiring knowledge through observation and experience, and also favoured with immediate communications with their Maker.  Yet Adam, having nothing which he did not receive, could not originally bring any real knowledge into the world with him, any more than men do now:  this, in whatever degree attained, must be, and must always have been, either an acquisition of reason, or a revelation from God.  And, according to the understanding of some, even in the beginning, “That was not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; and afterward that which is spiritual.”—­1 Cor., xv, 46.  That is, the spirit of Christ, the second Adam, was bestowed on the first Adam, after his creation, as the life and the light of the immortal soul.  For, “In Him was life, and the life was the light of men,” a life which our first parents forfeited and lost on the day of their transgression.  “It was undoubtedly in the light of this pure influence that Adam had such an intuitive discerning of the creation, as enabled him to give names to all creatures according to their several natures.”—­Phipps, on Man, p. 4.  A lapse from all this favour, into conscious guilt and misery; a knowledge of good withdrawn, and of evil made too sure; followed the first transgression.  Abandoned then in great measure by superhuman aid, and left to contend with foes without and foes within, mankind became what history and observation prove them to have been; and henceforth, by painful experience, and careful research, and cautious faith, and humble docility, must they gather the fruits of knowledge; by a vain desire and false conceit of which, they had forfeited the tree of life.  So runs the story

   “Of man’s first disobedience, and the fruit
    Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste
    Brought death into the world, and all our wo,
    With loss of Eden, till one greater Man
    Restore us, and regain the blissful seat.”

13.  The analogy of words in the different languages now known, has been thought by many to be sufficiently frequent and clear to suggest the idea of their common origin.  Their differences are indeed great; but perhaps not greater, than the differences in the several races of men, all of whom, as revelation teaches, sprung from one common stock.  From the same source we learn, that, till the year of the world 1844, “The whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.”—­Gen., xi, 1.[22] At that period, the whole world of mankind consisted only of the descendants of the eight souls who had been saved in the ark, and so many of the eight as had survived the flood one hundred and eighty-eight years.  Then occurred that remarkable intervention of the Deity, in which he was pleased to confound their language; so that they could not understand one an other’s speech, and were consequently scattered abroad upon the face of the earth.  This, however, in the opinion of many learned men, does not prove the immediate formation of any new languages.