Gram., p. 124;
Smith’s, 95;
Fisk’s,
84;
Ingersoll’s, 81. By “
the
same moods, tenses, or
cases,” we
must needs here understand some
one mood, tense,
or
case, in which the connected words
agree;
and, if the conjunction has any thing to do with this
agreement, or sameness of mood, tense, or case, it
must be because words only, and not sentences, are
connected by it. Now,
if, that, though, lest,
unless, or any other conjunction that introduces
the subjunctive, will almost always be found to connect
different moods, or rather to subjoin one sentence
to another in which there is a different mood.
On the contrary,
and, as, even, than, or, and
nor, though they may be used to connect sentences,
do, in very many instances, connect words only; as,
“The
king and queen are an amiable pair.”—
Murray.
“And a being of
more than human dignity
stood before me.”—
Dr. Johnson.
It cannot be plausibly pretended, that
and
and
than, in these two examples, connect clauses
or sentences. So
and and
or, in
the examples above, connect the nouns only, and not
“sentences:” else our common rules
for the agreement of verbs or pronouns with words
connected, are nothing but bald absurdities. It
is idle to say, that the construction and meaning
are not
what they appear to be; and it is certainly
absurd to contend, that conjunctions always connect
sentences; or always, words only. One author very
strangely conceives, that, “Conjunctions may
be said either always to connect words only, or always
to connect sentences,
according to the view which
may be taken of them in analyzing.”—
Nutting’s
Gram., p. 77.
OBS. 6.—“Several words belonging
to other parts of speech, are occasionally used as
conjunctions. Such are the following: provided,
except, verbs; both, an adjective; either,
neither, that, pronouns; being, seeing,
participles; before, since, for, prepositions.
I will do it, provided you lend some help.
Here provided is a conjunction, that connects
the two sentences. ’Paul said, Except
these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved.’
Here except is a conjunction. Excepting
is also used as a participle and conjunction. ’Being
this reception of the gospel was so anciently foretold.’—Bishop
Pearson. ’Seeing all the congregation
are holy.’—Bible. Here
being and seeing are used as conjunctions.”—Alexander’s
Gram:, p. 50. ’The foregoing remark,
though worthy of some attention, is not altogether
accurate. Before, when it connects sentences,
is not a conjunction, but a conjunctive adverb. Provided,
as cited above, resembles not the verb, but the perfect
participle. Either and neither, when
they are not conjunctions, are pronominal adjectives,
rather than pronouns. And, to say, that, “words