Dr. Laud, attended on his Majesty.”—­Clarendon. “With upward speed his agile wings he spread.”—­Prior. “She lights the downward heaven, and rises there.”—­Dryden. (3.) Of PRONOUNS:  as, “He liked the ground whereon she trod.”—­Milton. “Wherein have you been galled by the king?”—­Shak. “O how unlike the place from whence they fell!”—­Par.  Lost, B. i, l. 75.  Here whereon is exactly equivalent in sense to on which; wherein, to in what; and whence, to which:  but none of them are actually reckoned pronouns. (4.) Of VERBS:  as, “If he be hungry, more than wanton, bread alone will down.”—­Locke. “To down proud hearts that would not willing die.”—­Sidney. “She never could away with me.”—­Shak. “Away, and glister like the god of war.”—­Id. “Up, get ye out of this place.”—­Gen., xix, 14. (5.) Of CONJUNCTIONS:  as, “I, even I, am he.”—­Isaiah, xliii, 25.  “If I will that he tarry till I come.”—­John, xxi, 22.  “I will go and see him before I die.”—­Gen., xlv, 28.  “Before I go whence I shall not return.”—­Job, x, 21. (6) Of PREPOSITIONS:  as, “Superior to any that are dug out the ground.”—­Eames’s Lect., p. 28.  “Who act so counter heavenly mercy’s plan.”—­Burns. Better perhaps, “out of” and “counter to.” (7.) Of INTERJECTIONS:  as, “Up, up, Glentarkin! rouse thee, ho!”—­Scott. “Down, down, cried Mar, your lances down!”—­Id. “Off! or I fly for ever from thy sight.”—­Smith.

OBS. 6.—­In these last examples, up, and down, and off, have perhaps as much resemblance to imperative verbs, as to interjections; but they need not be referred to either of these classes, because by supplying a verb we may easily parse them as adverbs.  I neither adopt the notion of Horne Tooke, that the same word cannot belong to different parts of speech, nor refer every word to that class to which it may at first sight appear to belong; for both of these methods are impracticable and absurd.  The essential nature of each part of speech, and every important peculiarity of its individual terms, it is hoped, will be sufficiently explained in some part or other of this work; but, as the classification of words often depends upon their construction, some explanations that go to determine the parts of speech, must be looked for under the head of Syntax.