so forth, it is one of the most absurd and monstrous innovations ever thought of.  Yet some two or three men, who seem to delight in huge absurdities, declare that this “modern innovation is likely to supersede” the simpler mode of expression.  Thus, in stead of, “The work is now publishing,” they choose to say, “The work is now being published.”—­Kirkham’s Gram., p. 82.  This is certainly no better English than, “The work was being published, has been being published, had been being published, shall or will be being published, shall or will have been being published;” and so on, through all the moods and tenses.  What a language shall we have when our verbs are thus conjugated!

OBS. 5.—­A certain Irish critic, who even outdoes in rashness the above-cited American, having recently arrived in New York, has republished a grammar, in which he not only repudiates the passive use of the participle in ing, but denies the usual passive form of the present tense, “I am loved, I am smitten” &c., as taught by Murray and others, to be good English; and tells us that the true form is, “I am being loved, I am being smitten,” &c.  See the 98th and 103d pages of Joseph W. Wright’s Philosophical Grammar, (Edition of 1838,) dedicated “TO COMMON SENSE!” [267] But both are offset, if not refuted, by the following observations from a source decidedly better:  “It has lately become common to use the present participle passive [,] to express the suffering of an action as continuing, instead of the participle in _-ing_ in the passive sense; thus, instead of, ‘The house is building,’ we now very frequently hear, ‘The house is being built.’  This mode of expression, besides being awkward, is incorrect, and does not express the idea intended.  This will be obvious, I think, from the following considerations.

“1.  The expression, ‘is being,’ is equivalent to ‘is,’ and expresses no more; just as, ‘is loving,’ is equivalent to, ‘loves.’  Hence, ’is being built,’ is precisely equivalent to, ‘is built.’

“2. ‘Built,’ is a perfect participle; and therefore cannot, in any connexion, express an action, or the suffering of an action, now in progress.  The verb to be, signifies to exist; ‘being,’ therefore, is equivalent to ‘existing.’  If then we substitute the synonyme, the nature of the expression will be obvious; thus, ‘the house is being built,’ is, in other words, ‘the house is existing built,’ or more simply as before, ‘the house is built;’ plainly importing an action not progressing, but now existing in a finished state.

“3.  If the expression, ‘is being built,’ be a correct form of the present indicative passive, then it must be equally correct to say in the perfect, ‘has been being built;’ in the past perfect, ‘had been being built;’ in the present infinitive,’to be being built;’ in the perfect infinitive,’to have been being built;’ and in the present participle, ‘being being built;’ which all will admit to be expressions as incorrect as they are inelegant, but precisely analogous to that which now begins to prevail.”—­Bullions’s Principles of English Gram., p. 58.