consent, are now of the solemn style; and, consequently,
are really good English in no other. For nobody,
I suppose, will yet pretend that the inflection of
our preterits and auxiliaries by
st or
est,
is entirely
obsolete;[239] and surely no person
of any literary taste ever uses the foregoing forms
familiarly. The termination
est, however,
has
in some instances become obsolete; or has
faded into
st or
t, even in the solemn
style. Thus, (if indeed, such forms ever were
in good use,)
diddest has become
didst; havest,
hast; haddest, hadst; shallest, shalt; willest, wilt;
and
cannest, canst. Mayest, mightest, couldest,
wouldest, and
shouldest, are occasionally
found in books not ancient; but
mayst, mightst,
couldst, wouldst, and
shouldst, are abundantly
more common, and all are peculiar to the solemn style.
Must, burst, durst, thrust, blest, curst, past,
lost, list, crept, kept, girt, built, felt, dwelt,
left, bereft, and many other verbs of similar
endings, are seldom, if ever, found encumbered with
an additional
est. For the rule which
requires this ending, has always had many exceptions
that have not been noticed by grammarians.[240] Thus
Shakspeare wrote even in the present tense, “Do
as thou
list,” and not “Do as thou
listest.” Possibly, however,
list
may here be reckoned of the subjunctive mood; but
the following example from Byron is certainly in the
indicative:—
“And thou, who never yet of
human wrong
Lost the unbalanced
scale, great Nemesis!”—Harold,
C. iv, st. 132.
OBS. 11.—Any phraseology that is really
obsolete, is no longer fit to be imitated even in
the solemn style; and what was never good English,
is no more to be respected in that style, than in
any other. Thus: “Art not thou that
Egyptian, which before these days madest
an uproar, and leddest out into the wilderness
four thousand men that were murderers?”—Acts,
xxi, 38. Here, (I think,) the version ought to
be, “Art not thou that Egyptian, who
a while ago made an uproar, and led out
into the wilderness four thousand men, that were murderers?”
If so, there is in this no occasion to make a difference
between the solemn and the familiar style. But
what is the familiar form of expression for the texts
cited before? The fashionable will say, it is
this: “You went in to men uncircumcised,
and did eat with them.”—“I
write these things to you, that you may know
how you ought to behave yourself in the
house of God.” But this is not literally
of the singular number: it is no more singular,
than vos in Latin, or vous in French,
or we used for I in English, is singular.
And if there remains to us any other form, that is
both singular and grammatical, it is unquestionably
the following: “Thou went in to men