melody; viz., a love of uniformity in words of a like character, and a preference of an easy natural pronunciation, and a desire to express the most ideas with the smallest number of words and syllables.  It is a fortunate thing for language, that these natural principles generally prevail over arbitrary and artificial rules.”—­Webster’s Philosophical Gram., p. 119; Improved Gram., p. 78.  So much for unlettered erudition!

12.  If every thing that has been taught under the name of grammar, is to be considered as belonging to the science, it will be impossible ever to determine in what estimation the study of it ought to be held; for all that has ever been urged either for or against it, may, upon such a principle, be proved by reference to different authorities and irreconcilable opinions.  But all who are studious to know, and content to follow, the fashion established by the concurrent authority of the learned,[4] may at least have some standard to refer to; and if a grammarian’s rules be based upon this authority, it must be considered the exclusive privilege of the unlearned to despise them—­as it is of the unbred, to contemn the rules of civility.  But who shall determine whether the doctrines contained in any given treatise are, or are not, based upon such authority?  Who shall decide whether the contributions which any individual may make to our grammatical code, are, or are not, consonant with the best usage?  For this, there is no tribunal but the mass of readers, of whom few perhaps are very competent judges.  And here an author’s reputation for erudition and judgement, may be available to him:  it is the public voice in his favour.  Yet every man is at liberty to form his own opinion, and to alter it whenever better knowledge leads him to think differently.

13.  But the great misfortune is, that they who need instruction, are not qualified to choose their instructor; and many who must make this choice for their children, have no adequate means of ascertaining either the qualifications of such as offer themselves, or the comparative merits of the different methods by which they profess to teach.  Hence this great branch of learning, in itself too comprehensive for the genius or the life of any one man, has ever been open to as various and worthless a set of quacks and plagiaries as have ever figured in any other.  There always have been some who knew this, and there may be many who know it now; but the credulity and ignorance which expose so great a majority of mankind to deception and error, are not likely to be soon obviated.  With every individual who is so fortunate as to receive any of the benefits of intellectual culture, the whole process of education must begin anew; and, by all that sober minds can credit, the vision of human perfectibility is far enough from any national consummation.