5.  Adverbs made nouns:  “In these cases we examine the why, the what, and the how of things.”—­L’Estrange.  “If a point or now were extended, each of them would contain within itself infinite other points or nows.”—­Hermes, p. 101.  “The why is plain as way to parish church.”—­Shak. “’Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter.”—­Addison.  “The dread of a hereafter.”—­Fuller.  “The murmur of the deep amen.”—­Sir W. Scott.  “For their whereabouts lieth in a mystery.”—­Book of Thoughts, p. 14.  Better:  “Their whereabout lieth,” or, “Their whereabouts lie,” &c.

   “Bid them farewell, Cordelia, though unkind;
    Thou losest here, a better where to find.”—­Shak.

6.  Conjunctions made nouns:  “The if, which is here employed, converts the sentence into a supposition.”—­Blair’s Rhet. “Your if is the only peacemaker; much virtue is in if.”—­Shak.

   “So his Lordship decreed with a grave solemn tone,
      Decisive and clear, without one if or but—­
    That whenever the Nose put his spectacles on,
      By daylight or candlelight—­Eyes should be shut.”—­Cowper.

7.  Prepositions made nouns:  “O, not like me; for mine’s beyond beyond.”—­Shakspeare:  Cymb., iii, 2.  “I. e., her longing is further than beyond; beyond any thing that desire can be said to be beyond.”—­Singer’s Notes.  “You whirled them to the back of beyont to look at the auld Roman camp.”—­Antiquary, i. 37.

8.  Interjections or phrases made nouns:  “Come away from all the lo-heres! and lo-theres!”—­Sermon.  “Will cuts him short with a ’What then?’”—­Addison.  “With hark and whoop, and wild halloo.”—­Scott.  “And made a pish at chance and sufferance.”—­Shak.

   “A single look more marks th’ internal wo,
    Than all the windings of the lengthen’d oh.”—­Lloyd.

CLASSES.

Nouns are divided into two general classes; proper and common.  I. A proper noun is the name of some particular individual, or people, or group; as, Adam, Boston, the Hudson, the Romans, the Azores, the Alps.

II.  A common noun is the name of a sort, kind, or class, of beings or things; as, Beast, bird, fish, insect,—­creatures, persons, children.

The particular classes, collective, abstract, and verbal, or participial, are usually included among common nouns.  The name of a thing sui generis is also called common.

1.  A collective noun, or noun of multitude, is the name of many individuals together; as, Council, meeting, committee, flock.