5.  FORE, prefixed to a verb, signifies before; as in fore-know, fore-tell:  prefixed to a noun, it is usually an adjective, and signifies anterior; as in fore-side, fore-part.

6.  HALF, signifying one of two equal parts, is much used in composition; and, often, merely to denote imperfection:  as, half-sighted, seeing imperfectly.

7.  MIS signifies wrong or ill; as in mis-cite, mis-print, mis-spell, mis-chance, mis-hap.

8.  OVER denotes superiority or excess; as in over-power, over-strain, over-large.

9.  OUT, prefixed to a verb, generally denotes excess; as in out-do, out-leap, out-poise:  prefixed to a noun, it is an adjective, and signifies exterior; as in out-side, out-parish.

10.  SELF generally signifies one’s own person, or belonging to one’s own person; but, in self-same, it means very.  We have many words beginning with Self, but most of them seem to be compounds rather than derivatives; as, self-love, self-abasement, self-abuse, self-affairs, self-willed, self-accusing.

11.  UN denotes negation or contrariety; as in un-kind, un-load, un-truth, un-coif.

12.  UNDER denotes inferiority; as in under-value, under-clerk, under-growth.

13.  UP denotes motion upwards; as in up-lift:  sometimes subversion; as in up-set.

14.  WITH, as a prefix, unlike the common preposition With, signifies against, from, or back; as in with-stand, with-hold, with-draw, with-stander, with-holdment, with-drawal.

CLASS II.—­THE LATIN PREFIXES.

The primitives or radicals to which these are prefixed, are not many of them employed separately in English.  The final letter of the prefix Ad, Con, Ex, In, Ob, or Sub, is often changed before certain consonants; not capriciously, but with uniformity, to adapt or assimilate it to the sound which follows.

1.  A, AB, or ABS, means From, or Away:  as, a-vert, to turn from, or away; ab-duce, to lead from; ab-duction, a carrying-away; ab-stract, to draw from, or away.

2.  AD,—­forming ac, af, al, an, ap, as, at,—­means To, or At:  as, ad-vert, to turn to; ac-cord, to yield to; af-flux, a flowing-to; al-ly, to bind to; an-nex, to link to; ap-ply, to put to; as-sume, to take to; at-test, to witness to; ad-mire, to wonder at.

3.  ANTE means Fore, or Before:  as, ante-past, a fore-taste; ante-cedent, foregoing, or going before; ante-mundane, before the world; ante-date, to date before.

4.  CIRCUM means Round, Around, or About:  as circum-volve, to roll round; circum-scribe, to write round; circum-vent, to come round; circum-spect, looking about one’s self.