have been formerly “applied indifferently to plural nouns and to singular; as, ’Into that holy orders.’—­Dr. Martin.  ’At that dayes.’—­Id.  ’That euyll aungels the denilles.’—­Sir Tho.  More.  ’This pleasure undoubtedly farre excelleth all that pleasures that in this life maie be obteined.’—­Id.”—­Diversions of Purley, Vol. ii, pp. 47 and 48.  The introduction of the plural form those, must have rendered this usage bad English.

SECTION V.—­DERIVATION OF VERBS.

In English, Verbs are derived from nouns, from adjectives, or from verbs.

I. Verbs are derived from Nouns in the following different ways:—­

1.  By the adding of ize, ise, en, or ate:  as, author, authorize; critic, criticise; length, lengthen; origin, originate.  The termination ize is of Greek origin, and ise is most probably of French:  the former is generally preferable in forming English derivatives; but both are sometimes to be used, and they should be applied according to Rule 13th for Spelling.

2.  Some few verbs are derived from nouns by the changing of a sharp or hard consonant to a flat or soft one, or by the adding of a mute e, to soften a hard sound:  as, advice, advise; price, prize; bath, bathe; cloth, clothe; breath, breathe; wreath, wreathe; sheath, sheathe; grass, graze.

II.  Verbs are derived from Adjectives in the following different ways:—­

1.  By the adding of ize or en:  as legal, legalize; immortal, immortalize; civil, civilize; human, humanize; familiar, familiarize; particular, particularize; deaf, deafen; stiff, stiffen; rough, roughen; deep, deepen; weak, weaken.

2.  Many adjectives become verbs by being merely used and inflected as verbs:  as, warm, to warm, he warms; dry, to dry, he dries; dull, to dull, he dulls; slack, to slack, he slacks; forward, to forward, he forwards.

III.  Verbs are derived from Verbs in the following modes, or ways:—­

1.  By the prefixing of dis or un to reverse the meaning:  as, please, displease; qualify, disqualify; organize, disorganize; fasten, unfasten; muzzle, unmuzzle; nerve, unnerve.

2.  By the prefixing of a, be, for, fore, mis, over, out, under, up, or with:  as, rise, arise; sprinkle, besprinkle; bid, forbid; see, foresee; take, mistake; look, overlook; run, outrun; go, undergo; hold, uphold; draw, withdraw.

SECTION VI.—­DERIVATION OF PARTICIPLES.

All English Participles are derived from English verbs, in the manner explained in Chapter 7th, under the general head of Etymology; and when foreign participles are introduced into our language, they are not participles with us, but belong to some other class of words, or part of speech.