II.  The relatives and interrogatives are derived from the same source, the Anglo-Saxon tongue, and have passed through similar changes, or varieties in orthography; but, the common relative pronoun of the Anglo-Saxons being like their article the,—­or, with the three genders, se, seo, thaet,—­and not like our who, which, and what, it is probable that the interrogative use of these words was the primitive one.  They have been found in all the following forms:—­

1.  WHO, ho, hue, wha, hwa, hua, wua, qua, quha;—­WHOSE, who’s, whos, whois, whoise, wheas, quhois, quhais, quhase, hwaes;—­WHOM, whome, quham, quhum, quhome, hwom, hwam, hwaem, hwaene, hwone.

2.  WHICH, whiche, whyche, whilch, wych, quilch, quilk, quhilk, hwilc, hwylc, hwelc, whilk, huilic, hvilc.  For the Anglo-Saxon forms, Dr. Bosworth’s Dictionary gives “hwilc, hwylc, and hwelc;” but Professor Fowler’s E. Grammar makes them “huilic and hvilc.”—­See p. 240. Whilk, or quhilk, is a Scottish form.

3.  WHAT, hwat, hwet, quhat, hwaet.  This pronoun, whether relative or interrogative, is regarded by Bosworth and others as a neuter derivative from the masculine or femine [sic—­KTH] hwa, who.  It may have been thence derived, but, in modern English, it is not always of the neuter gender.  See the last note on page 312.

4.  THAT, Anglo-Saxon Thaet.  Tooke’s notion of the derivation of this word is noticed above in the section on Articles.  There is no certainty of its truth; and our lexicographers make no allusion to it.  W. Allen reaffirms it.  See his Gram., p. 54.

OBSERVATIONS.

OBS. 1.—­In the Well-Wishers’ Grammar, (p. 39,) as also in L. Murray’s and some others, the pronoun Which is very strangely and erroneously represented as being always “of the neuter gender.” (See what is said of this word in the Introduction, Chap. ix, 32.) Whereas it is the relative most generally applied to brute animals, and, in our common version of the Bible, its application to persons is peculiarly frequent.  Fowler says, “In its origin it is a Compound.”—­E.  Gram., p. 240.  Taking its first Anglo-Saxon form to be “Huilic,” he thinks it traceable to “hwa, who,” or its ablative “hwi,” and “lie, like.”—­Ib. If this is right, the neuter sense is not its primitive import, or any part of it.

OBS. 2.—­From its various uses, the word That is called sometimes a pronoun, sometimes an adjective, and sometimes a conjunction; but, in respect to derivation, it is, doubtless, one and the same.  As a relative pronoun, it is of either number, and has no plural form different from the singular; as, “Blessed is the man that heareth me.”—­Prov., viii, 34.  “Blessed are they that mourn.”—­Matt., v, 4.  As an adjective, it is said by Tooke to