3.  By the adding of y or ly:  as, swarth, swarthy; good, goodly.  Of these there are but few; for almost all the derivatives of the latter form are adverbs.

III.  Adjectives are derived from Verbs in several different ways:—­

1.  By the adding of able or ible:  (sometimes with a change of some of the final letters:) as, perish, perishable; vary, variable; convert, convertible; divide, divisible, or dividable.  These, according to their analogy, have usually a passive import, and denote susceptibility of receiving action. 2.  By the adding of ive or ory:  (sometimes with a change of some of the final letters:) as, elect, elective; interrogate, interrogative, interrogatory; defend, defensive; defame, defamatory; explain, explanatory.

3.  Words ending in ate, are mostly verbs; but some of them may be employed as adjectives, in the same form, especially in poetry; as, reprobate, complicate.

IV.  Adjectives are derived from Participles, not by suffixes, but in these ways:—­

1.  By the prefixing of un, meaning not; as, unyielding, unregarded, unreserved, unendowed, unendeared, unendorsed, unencountered, unencumbered, undisheartened, undishonoured.  Of this sort there are very many.

2.  By a combining of the participle with some word which does not belong to the verb; as, way-faring, hollow-sounding, long-drawn, deep-laid, dear-purchased, down-trodden.  These, too, are numerous.

3.  Participles often become adjectives without change of form.  Such adjectives are distinguished from participles by their construction alone:  as, “A lasting ornament;”—­“The starving chymist;”—­“Words of learned length;”—­“With counterfeited glee.”

SECTION IV.—­DERIVATION OF THE PRONOUNS.

I. The English Pronouns are all of Saxon origin; but, in them, our language differs very strikingly from that of the Anglo-Saxons.  The following table compares the simple personal forms:—­

Eng.  I, My or Me; We, Our or Us. 
              Mine, Ours,
Sax.  Ic, Min, Me or We, Ure or Us. 
                        Mec; User,
Eng.  Thou, Thy or Thee; Ye, Your You. 
              Thine, or Yours,
Sax.  Thu, Thin, The or Ge Eower, Eow or
                        Thec; Eowie. 
Eng.  He, His Him; They, Their or Them. 
                                            Theirs,
Sax.  He, His or Him or Hi or Hira or Heom or
              Hys, Hine; Hig, Heora, Hi. 
Eng.  She, Her or Her; They, Their