“Tropes and metaphors so closely resemble each other that it is not always easy, nor is it important to be able to distinguish the one from the other.”—­Parker and Fox, Part III, p. 66.  “With regard to relatives, it may be further observed, that obscurity often arises from the too frequent repetition of them, particularly of the pronouns WHO, and THEY, and THEM, and THEIRS.  When we find these personal pronouns crowding too fast upon us, we have often no method left, but to throw the whole sentence into some other form.”—­Ib., p. 90; Murray’s Gram., p. 311; Blair’s Rhet., p. 106.  “Do scholars acquire any valuable knowledge, by learning to repeat long strings of words, without any definite ideas, or several jumbled together like rubbish in a corner, and apparently with no application, either for the improvement of mind or of language?”—­ Cutler’s Gram., Pref., p. 5.  “The being officiously good natured and civil are things so uncommon in the world, that one cannot hear a man make professions of them without being surprised, or at least, suspecting the disinterestedness of his intentions.”—­FABLES:  Cutler’s Gram., p. 135.  “Irony is the intentional use of words to express a sense contrary to that which the speaker or writer means to convey.”—­Parker and Fox’s Gram., Part III, p. 68.  “The term Substantive is derived from substare, to stand, to distinguish it from an adjective, which cannot, like the noun, stand alone.”—­Hiley’s Gram., p. 11.  “They have two numbers, like nouns, the singular and plural; and three persons in each number, namely, I, the first person, represents the speaker. Thou, the second person, represents the person spoken to. He, she, it, the third person, represents the person or thing spoken of.”—­Ib., p. 23. “He, She, It, is the Third Person singular; but he with others, she with others, or it with others, make each of them they, which is the Third Person plural.”—­White, on the English Verb, p. 97.  “The words had I been, that is, the Third Past Tense of the Verb, marks the Supposition, as referring itself, not to the Present, but to some former period of time.”—­Ib., p. 88.  “A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, to avoid a too frequent repetition of the same word.”—­Frazee’s Improved Gram., p. 122.

   “That which he cannot use, and dare not show,
    And would not give—­why longer should he owe?”—­Crabbe.

PART IV.

PROSODY.

Prosody treats of punctuation, utterance, figures, and versification.

OBSERVATIONS.