that period.’”—­Hiley’s Gram., p. 96.  Dr. Priestley, from whom Murray derived many of his critical remarks, noticed these expressions; and, (as I suppose,) approvingly; thus, “Adverbs are often put for adjectives, agreeably to the idiom of the Greek tongue:  [as,] ’The action was amiss.’—­’The then ministry.’—­’The idea is alike in both.’—­Addison.  ’The above discourse.’—­Harris.”—­Priestley’s Gram., p. 135.  Dr. Johnson, as may be seen above, thought it not amiss to use then as Priestley here cites it; and for such a use of above, we may quote the objectors themselves:  “To support the above construction.”—­Murray’s Gram., i, p. 149; Ingersoll’s, p. 238.  “In all the above instances.”—­Mur., p. 202; Ing., 230.  “To the above rule.”—­Mur., p. 270; Ing., 283.  “The same as the above.”—­Mur., p. 66; Ing., 46.  “In such instances as the above.”—­Mur., p. 24; Ing., 9; Kirkham, 23.[427]

OBS. 5.—­When words of an adverbial character are used after the manner of nouns, they must be parsed as nouns, and not as adverbs; as, “The Son of God—­was not yea and nay, but in him was yea.”—­Bible.  “For a great while to come.”—­Ib. “On this perhaps, this peradventure infamous for lies.”—­Young.  “From the extremest upward of thine head.”—­Shak.  “There are upwards of fifteen millions of inhabitants.”—­Murray’s Key, 8vo, p. 266.  “Information has been derived from upwards of two hundred volumes.”—­Worcester’s Hist., p. v.  “An eternal now does always last”—­Cowley.  “Discourse requires an animated no.”—­Cowper.  “Their hearts no proud hereafter swelled.”—­Sprague.  An adverb after a preposition is used substantively, and governed by the preposition; though perhaps it is not necessary to call it a common noun:  as, “For upwards of thirteen years.”—­Hiley’s Gram., p. xvi.  “That thou mayst curse me them from thence.”—­Numb., xxiii, 27.  “Yet for once we’ll try.”—­Dr. Franklin.  But many take such terms together, calling them “adverbial phrases.”  Allen says, “Two adverbs sometimes come together; as, ’Thou hast kept the good wine until now.’”—­Gram., p. 174.  But until is here more properly a preposition, governing now.

OBS. 6.—­It is plain, that when words of an adverbial form are used either adjectively or substantively, they cannot be parsed by the foregoing rule, or explained as having the ordinary relation of adverbs; and if the unusual relation or character which they thus assume, be not thought sufficient to fix them in the rank of adjectives or nouns, the parser may describe them as adverbs used adjectively, or substantively,