By this means Caesar attached to his cause the people, and he won the knights, as well, by allowing them a third part of the taxes which they had hired.  All the collections were made through them and though they had often asked the senate to grant them some satisfactory schedule, they had not gained it, because Cato and the others worked against them.  When, then, he had conciliated this class also without any protest, he first ratified all the acts of Pompey—­and in this he met no opposition from Lucullus or any one else,—­and next he put through many other measures while no one opposed him.  There was no gainsaying even from Cato, although in the praetorship which he soon after held, he would never mention the title of the other’s laws, which were called the “Julian.”  While he followed their provisions in allotting the courts he most ridiculously concealed their names.

[-8-] These, then, because they are very many in number and offer no contribution to this history, I will leave aside.—­Quintus Fufius Calenus, finding that the [B.C. 59 (a.u. 695)] votes of all in party contests were promiscuously mingled,—­each of the classes attributing the superior measures to itself and referring the less sensible to the others—­passed when praetor a law that each should cast its votes separately:  his purpose was that even if their individual opinions could not be revealed, by reason of doing this secretly, yet the views of the classes at least might be made known.

As for the rest, Caesar himself proposed, advised and arranged everything in the city once for all as if he were its sole ruler.  Hence some facetious persons hid the name of Bibulus in silence altogether and named Caesar twice, and in writing would mention Gaius Caesar and Julius Caesar as being the consuls.  But in matters that concerned himself he managed through others, for he guarded most strenuously against the contingency of presenting anything to himself.  By this means he more easily effected everything that he desired.  He himself declared that he needed nothing more and strongly protested that he was satisfied with his present possessions.  Others, believing him a necessary and useful factor in affairs proposed whatever he wished and had it ratified, not only before the populace but in the senate itself.  For whereas the multitude granted him the government of Illyricum and of Gaul this side of the Alps with three legions for five years, the senate entrusted him in addition with Gaul beyond the mountains and another legion.

[-9-] Even so, in fear that Pompey in his absence (during which Aulus Gabinius was to be consul) might lead some revolt, he attached to his cause both Pompey and the other consul, Lucius Piso, by the bond of kinship:  upon the former he bestowed his daughter, in spite of having betrothed her to another man, and he himself married Piso’s daughter.  Thus he fortified himself on all sides.  But Cicero and Lucullus, little pleased at this, undertook to