are invested with it a second time, when they gain some such victory as has been mentioned.  Those who are imperatores in the limited sense use the appellation once, as they do others, and indeed before others:  whatever rulers in addition accomplish in war any deed worthy of it acquire also the name handed down by ancient custom, so that a man is termed imperator a second and a third time, and oftener, as frequently as he can bestow it upon himself.

These privileges they granted then to Caesar, as well as a house, so that he might live in state-property, and a special period of festival whenever any victory took place and whenever there were sacrifices for it, even if he had not been with the expedition nor in general had any hand in the achievement.[104] [-45-] Still, those measures, even if they seemed to them immoderate and out of the usual order, were not, so far, undemocratic.  But they passed the following decrees besides, by which they declared him sovereign out and out.  They offered him the magistracies, even those belonging to the people, and elected him consul for ten years, as they previously had dictator.  They ordered that he alone should have soldiers, and alone administer the public funds, so that no one else was allowed to employ either of them, save whom he might permit.  And they commanded at that time that an ivory statue of him, but later that a whole chariot should be escorted at the horse-races along with the likenesses of the gods.  Another image they set up in the temple of Quirinus with the inscription:  “to the invincible god”, and another on the Capitol beside the former kings of Rome.  It occurs to me really to marvel at the coincidence:  there were eight such images—­seven to the kings, and an eighth to the Brutus that overthrew the Tarquins—­besides this one, when they set up the statue of Caesar; and it was from this cause chiefly that Marcus Brutus was stirred to conspire against him.

[-46-] These were the measures that were ratified because of victory,—­I am not mentioning all, but as many as I have seemed to me notable,—­not on one day, but just as it happened, one at one time, another at another.  Some of them Caesar began to render operative, and of others he intended to make use in the future, no matter how much he put aside some of them.  Now the office of consul he took up immediately, even before entering the city, but did not hold it continuously.

[B.C. 45 (a.u. 709)]

When he got to Rome he renounced it, delivering it to Quintus Fabius and Graius Trebonius.  When Fabius on the last day of his consulship died, he straightway chose instead of him another, Gaius Caninius Rebilus for the remaining hours.  Then for the first time, contrary to precedent, it became possible for the same man to hold that office neither annually, nor for all the time left in the same year, but while living to withdraw from it without compulsion from either ancestral custom or any accusation, and for