“Lucius Lucullus at about this period worsted the lords of Asia,—­Mithridates and Tigranes the Armenian,—­in the war, and having compelled them, to avoid a pitched battle proceeded to besiege Tigranocerta.  The barbarians did him serious injury by means of their archery as well as by the naphtha which they poured over his engines.  This chemical is full of bitumen and is so fiery that whatever it touches it is sure to burn to a cinder, and it can not be extinguished by any liquid.  As a consequence Tigranes recovered courage and marched forth with an army of such huge proportions that he actually laughed heartily at the appearance of the Romans present there.  He is said to have remarked that in cases where they came to make war only a few presented themselves, but when it was an embassy, many came.  However, his amusement was of short duration, and he forthwith discovered how far courage and skill surpass any mere numbers.  Relics of his subsequent flight were found by the soldiers in the shape of his tiara and the band that goes around it; and they gave them to Lucullus.  In his fear that these marks might lead to his recognition and capture he had pulled them off and thrown them away.”

[B.C. 69 (a.u. 685)]

[-1-] ... and because he had enjoyed the extremes of fortune in both respects, he allowed it.  For after his many defeats and victories no fewer, he had a firm belief that he had in consequence become more versed in generalship.  His foes accordingly busied themselves as if they were then for the first time beginning war, sending an embassy to their various neighbors, including among others Arsaces the Parthian, although he was hostile to Tigranes on account of some disputed territory.  This they offered to vacate for him, and proceeded to malign the Romans, saying that the latter, should they conquer them while isolated, would immediately make a campaign against him.  Every victorious force was inherently insatiable of success and put no bound to acquisition, and the Romans, who had won the mastery over many, would not choose to leave him alone.

[-2-] While they were so engaged, Lucullus did not follow up Tigranes, but allowed him to reach safety quite at leisure.  Because of this he was charged by the citizens, as well as others, with refusing to end the war, in order that he might retain his command a longer time.  Therefore they then restored the province of Asia to the praetors, and later, when he apparently acted in this way again, sent to him the consul of that year, to relieve him.  Tigranocerta he did seize when the foreigners that dwelt with the natives revolted to the side of the Armenians.  The most of these were Cilicians who had once been deported, and they let in the Romans during the night.  Thereupon everything was laid waste except what belonged to the Cilicians; and many wives of the principal chiefs Lucullus held, when captured, free from outrage:  by this action he won over their husbands also.  He received further Antiochus, king of Commagene (the Syrian country near the Euphrates and the Taurus), and Alchaudonius, an Arabian chieftain, and others who had made proposals for peace.