are two women and two men; tradition names them “Night”
and “Day,” “Twilight” and “Dawning.”
Thus in the statues themselves and in their attendant
genii we have a series of abstractions, symbolising
the sleep and waking of existence, action and thought,
the gloom of death, the lustre of life, and the intermediate
states of sadness and of hope that form the borderland
of both. Life is a dream between two slumbers;
sleep is death’s twin-brother; night is the shadow
of death; death is the gate of life:—such
is the mysterious mythology wrought by the sculptor
of the modern world in marble. All these figures,
by the intensity of their expression, the vagueness
of their symbolism, force us to think and question.
What, for example, occupies Lorenzo’s brain?
Bending forward, leaning his chin upon his wrist, placing
the other hand upon his knee, on what does he for
ever ponder? The sight, as Rogers said well,
“fascinates and is intolerable.” Michael
Angelo has shot the beaver of the helmet forward on
his forehead, and bowed his head, so as to clothe
the face in darkness. But behind the gloom there
is no skull, as Rogers fancied. The whole frame
of the powerful man is instinct with some imperious
thought. Has he outlived his life and fallen upon
everlasting contemplation? Is he brooding, injured
and indignant, over his own doom and the extinction
of his race? Is he condemned to witness in immortal
immobility the woes of Italy he helped to cause?
Or has the sculptor symbolised in him the burden of
that personality we carry with us in this life and
bear for ever when we wake into another world?
Beneath this incarnation of oppressive thought there
lie, full-length and naked, the figures of Dawn and
Twilight, Morn and Evening. So at least they are
commonly called: and these names are not inappropriate;
for the breaking of the day and the approach of night
are metaphors for many transient conditions of the
soul. It is only as allegories in a large sense,
comprehending both the physical and intellectual order,
and capable of various interpretation, that any of
these statues can be understood. Even the Dukes
do not pretend to be portraits: and hence in part
perhaps the uncertainty that has gathered round them.
Very tranquil and noble is Twilight: a giant
in repose, he meditates, leaning upon his elbow, looking
down. But Dawn starts from her couch, as though
some painful summons had reached her sunk in dreamless
sleep, and called her forth to suffer. Her waking
to consciousness is like that of one who has been drowned,
and who finds the return to life agony. Before
her eyes, seen even through the mists of slumber,
are the ruin and the shame of Italy. Opposite
lies Night, so sorrowful, so utterly absorbed in darkness
and the shade of death, that to shake off that everlasting
lethargy seems impossible. Yet she is not dead.
If we raise our voices, she too will stretch her limbs
and, like her sister, shudder into sensibility with
sighs. Only we must not wake her; for he who
fashioned her, has told us that her sleep of stone
is great good fortune. Both of these women are
large and brawny, unlike the Fates of Pheidias in
their muscular maturity. The burden of Michael
Angelo’s thought was too tremendous to be borne
by virginal or graceful beings. He had to make
women no less capable of suffering, no less world-wearied,
than his country.