upon them.  Tintoretto could not but have foreseen that the world of living pettiness and passion would perpetually jostle with his world of painted sublimities and sanctities in that vast hall.  Yet he did not on that account shrink from the task or fail in its accomplishment.  Paradise existed:  therefore it could be painted; and he was called upon to paint it here.  If the fine gentlemen and ladies below felt out of harmony with the celestial host, so much the worse for them.  In this practical spirit the Venetian masters approached religious art, and such was the sphere appointed for it in the pageantry of the Republic.  When Paolo Veronese was examined by the Holy Office respecting some supposed irreverence in a sacred picture, his answers clearly proved that in planning it he had thought less of its spiritual significance than of its aesthetic effect.[267]

In the Ducal Palace the Venetian art of the Renaissance culminates; and here we might pause a moment to consider the difference between these paintings and the mediaeval frescoes of the Palazzo Pubblico at Siena.[268] The Sienese painters consecrated all their abilities to the expression of thoughts, theories of political self-government in a free State, and devotional ideas.  The citizen who read the lesson of the Sala della Pace was instructed in his duties to God and to the State.  The Venetian painters, as we have seen, exalted Venice and set forth her acts of power.  Their work is a glorification of the Republic; but no doctrine is inculcated, and no system of thought is conveyed to the mind through the eye.  Daily pacing the saloons of the palace, Doge and noble were reminded of the greatness of the State they represented.  They were not invited to reflect upon the duties of the governor and governed.  Their imaginations were dilated and their pride roused by the spectacle of Venice seated like a goddess in her home.  Of all the secular States of Italy the Republic of S. Mark’s alone produced this mythical ideal of the body politic, self-sustained and independent of the citizens, compelling their allegiance, and sustaining them through generations with the life of its organic unity.[269] The artists had no reason to paint thoughts and theories.  It was enough to set forth Venice and to illustrate her acts.

Long before Venetian painting reached a climax in the decorative triumphs of the Ducal Palace, the masters of the school had formed a style expressive of the spirit of the Renaissance, considered as the spirit of free enjoyment and living energy.  To trace the history of Venetian painting is to follow through its several stages the growth of that mastery over colour and sensuous beauty which was perfected in the works of Titian and his contemporaries.[270] Under the Vivarini of Murano the Venetian school in its infancy began with a selection from the natural world of all that struck them as most brilliant.  No other painters of their age in Italy employed such