“I was twelve years old then and I stayed in Texas till I was forty-eight.  I was at Tyler, Texas when they freed us.  When they took us to Texas they left my mother and baby sister here in Arkansas, down here on Oak Log Bayou.  I never saw her again and when I came back here to Arkansas, they said she had been dead twenty-eight years.  Never did hear of my father again.

“I’m supposed to be part Creek Indian.  Don’t know how much.  We have one son, a farmer, lives across the river.  Married this wife in 1873.

“My wife and I left Texas forty-one years ago and came back here to Arkansas and stayed till 1922.  Then we went to Chicago and stayed till 1930, and then came back here.  I’d like to go back up there, but I guess I’m gettin’ too old.  While I was there I preached and I worked all the time.  I worked on the streets and the driveways in Lincoln Park.  I was in the brick and block department.  Then I went from there to the asphalt department.  There’s where I coined the money.  Made $6.60 in the brick and block and $7.20 a day in the asphalt.  Down here they don’t know no more about asphalt than a pig does about a holiday. A man that’s from the South and never been nowhere, don’t know nothin’, a woman either.

“Yes ma’m, I’m a preacher.  Just a local preacher, wasn’t ordained.  The reason for that was, in Texas a man over forty-five couldn’t join the traveling connection.  I was licensed, but of course I couldn’t perform marriage ceremonies.  I was just within one step of that.

“I went to school two days in my life.  I was privileged to go to the first free school in Texas.  Had a teacher named Goldman.  Don’t know what year that was but they found out me and another fellow was too old so they wouldn’t let us go no more.  But I caught my alphabet in them two days.  So I just caught what education I’ve got, here and there.  I can read well—­best on my Bible and Testament and I read the newspapers.  I can sorta scribble my name.

“I’ve been a farmer most of my life and a preacher for fifty-five years.  I can repair shoes and use to do common carpenter work.  I can help build a house.  I only preach occasionally now, here and there.  I belong to the Allen Temple in Hoboken (East Pine Bluff).

“I think the young generation is gone to naught.  They’re a different cut to what they was in my comin’ up.”

Interviewer’s Comment

This man and his wife live in the outskirts of West pine Bluff.  They receive a small sum of money and commodities from the County Welfare Department.  He has a very pleasant personality, a good memory and intelligence above the ordinary.  Reads the Daily Graphic and Arkansas Gazette.  Age 89.  He said, “Here’s the idea, freedom is worth it all.”

Personal History of Informant

1.  Ancestry—­Father, Lewis Mitchell; Mother, Rhoda Mitchell