Interviewer:  Miss Irene Robertson
Person interviewed:  Josie Martin
                    R.F.D., Madison, Arkansas
Age:  86

“I was born up near Cotton Plant but took down near Helena to live.  My parents named Sallie and Bob Martin.  They had seven children.  I heard mother say she was sold on a block in Mississippi when she was twelve years old.  My father was a Creek Indian; he was dark.  Mother was a Choctaw Indian; she was bright.  Mother died when I was but a girl and left a family on my hands.  I sent my baby brother and sister to school and I cooked on a boarding train.  The railroad hands working on the tracks roomed and et on the train.  They are all dead now and I’m ’lone in the world.

“My greatest pleasure was independence—­make my money, go and spend it as I see fit.  I wasn’t popular with men.  I never danced.  I did sell herbs for diarrhea and piles and ‘what ails you.’  I don’t sell no more.  Folks too close to drug stores now.  I had long straight hair nearly to my knees.  It come out after a spell of typhoid fever.  It never come in to do no good.” (Baldheaded like a man and she shaves.  She is a hermaphrodite, reason for never marrying.) “I made and saved up at one time twenty-three thousand dollars cooking and field work.  I let it slip out from me in dribs.

“I used to run from the Yankees.  I’ve seen them go in droves along the road.  They found old colored couple, went out, took their hog and made them barbecue it.  They drove up a stob, nailed a piece to a tree stacked their guns.  They rested around till everything was ready.  They et at one o’clock at night and after the feast drove on.  They wasn’t so good to Negroes.  They was good to their own feelings.  They et up all that old couple had to eat in their house and the pig they raised.  I reckon their owners give them more to eat.  They lived off alone and the soldiers stopped there and worked the old man and woman nearly to death.

“Our master told us about freedom.  His name was Master Martin.  He come here from Mississippi.  I don’t recollect his family.

“I get help from the Welfare.  I had paralysis.  I never got over my stroke.  I ain’t no ’count to work.”

Interviewer:  Miss Irene Robertson
Person interviewed:  Bess Mathis, Hazen, Arkansas
Age:  82

“I was born in De Sota County, Mississippi.  My parents’ owners was Mars Hancock.  Mama was a cook and field hand.  Papa milked and worked in the field.  Mama had jes’ one child, that me.  I had six childern.  I got five livin’.  They knowed they free.  It went round from mouth to mouth.  Mama said Mars Hancock was good er slave holder as ever lived she recken.  I heard her come over that er good many times.  But they wanted to be free.  I jes’ heard em talk bout the Ku Klux.  They said the Ku Klux made lot of em roamin’ round go get a place to live and start workin’.  They tell how they would ride at night and how scarry lookin’ they was.  I heard em say if Mars Hancock didn’t want to give em meat they got tree a coon or possum.  Cut the tree down or climb it and then come home and cook it.  They had no guns.  They had dogs or could get one.  Game helps out lots.