“I never seen nobody sold.  None of my folks was sold.  The folks raised my mama and they didn’t want her to leave.  The folks raised papa what had him at freedom.  He said him and mama was married long before the war sprung up.  I don’t know how they married nor where.  She was young when they married.

“I remember hearing mama say when you went to preaching you sit in the back of the church and sit still till the preaching was all over.  They had no leaving.

“I know when I was a child people raised children, now they let them grow up.  Children was sent off or out to play, not sit and listen to what grown folks had to say.  Now the children is educated and too smart to listen to good advice.  They are going to ruination.  Mama used to have our girls knit at night and she spin, weave, sew.  They would tell us how to be polite and honest and how to work.  Young folks too smart to take advice now.

“Mama was cooking at the Warpoo’s house; she cooked breakfast.  One morning I woke up and here was a yard full of ‘Feds.’  I was hungry.  I went through the whole regiment—­a yard full—­to mama hard as I could split.  They didn’t bother me.  I was afraid they would carry me off sometimes.  They was great hands to tease and worry the little Negro children.

“Over at Dyersburg, Tennessee the Ku Klux was bad.  Jefferie Segress was pretty prosperous, owned his own home.  John Carson whooped him, cut his ear off, treated him bad.  High Sheriff they said was a ‘Fed.’  He put twenty-four buck shots in John Carson.  That was the last of the Ku Klux at Dyersburg.  The Negroes all left Dyersburg.  They kept leaving.  The ‘Feds’ was meaner to them than the owners.  In 1886, three weeks before Christmas, one hundred head of Negroes got off the train here at Brinkley.  The Ku Klux was the tail end of the war, whooping around.  It was a fight between the ‘Feds’ and the old owners—­both sides telling the Negroes what to do.  The best way was stay at home and work to keep out of trouble.

“The bushwhackers killed Raymond Jones (black man) before the war closed.  Well, I don’t know what they ambushed for.

“I paid my own way to Arkansas.  I brought my wife.  Mama was dead.

“If the Negro is a taxpayer he ought to vote like white folks.  But they can’t run the government.  That was tried out after that war we been talking about.  Our color has faith in white folks and this is their country.  I vote some.  We got a good right to vote.  We helped clear out the country.  It is our home now.

“The present times is too fast.  I can’t place this young generation.

“This is my second wife I’m living wid now.  She’s got children.  I never had a child.  We gets $10 off of the Welfare and I work around at pick-up jobs.  I farmed all my whole life.”

Interviewer:  Samuel S. Taylor
Person interviewed:  Frank A. Patterson
                    906 Chester Street, Little Rock, Arkansas
Age:  88