“Times are good, very good with me.  Our African race is advancing with the times.”

Interviewer’s Comment

Teacher in Biscoe school.  Father was a graduate doctor of medicine and in about 1907, ’08, ’09 school director at Biscoe.

Interviewer:  Mrs. Bernice Bowden
Person interviewed:  Jane Oliver
                    Route 4, near airport, Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Age:  81

“I’m certainly one of em, cause I was in the big house.  When Miss Liza married they give sister to her and I stayed with Miss Netta.  Her name was Drunetta Rawls.  That was in Mississippi.  We come to Arkansas when I was small.

“I remember when they run us to Texas, and we stayed there till freedom come.  I remember hearin’ em read the free papers.  Mama died in Texas and they buried her the day they read the free papers.  I know.  I was out playin’ and Miss Lucy, that was my young mistress, come out and say, ‘Jane, you go in and see your mother, she wants you.’  I was busy playin’ and didn’t want to go in and I member Miss Lucy say, ’Poor little fool nigger don’t know her mother’s dyin’.’  I went in then and said, ’Mama, is you dyin’?’ She say, ‘No, I ain’t; I died when you was a baby.’  You know, she meant she had died in sin.  She was a christian.

“Me and Lucy played together all the time—­round about the house and in the kitchen.  Little Marse Henry, that was big old Marse Henry’s son, he was a captain in the army.  We all called him Little Marse Henry.  Old mistress was good to us.  Us chillun called her Miss Netta.  Best woman I ever seed.  Me and Lucy growed up together.  Looks like I can see just the way the house looked and how we used to go down to the big gate and play.  I sits here and studies and wonders if I’d know that place today.  That’s what I study bout.

“I used to hear em say we only stayed in Texas nine months and the white folks brought us back.

“My uncle Simon Rawls, he took me after the war.  Then I worked for Mrs. Adkins.

“I went to school a little and learned to read prints.  The teacher tried to get me to write but I wouldn’t do it.  And since then I have wished so much I had learned to write.  Oh mercy!  Old folks would tell me, ’Well, when you get up the road, you’ll wish you had.’  I didn’t know what they meant but I know now they meant when I got old.

“I was married when I was young—­I don’t think I was fifteen.

“Yes ma’am, I’ve worked hard.  I’ve always lived in the country.

“I can remember when the white folks refugeed us to Texas.  Oh we did hate the Yankees.  If I ever seed a Yankee I didn’t know it but I heard the white folks talkin’ bout em.

“I used to hear em talk bout old Jeff Davis and Abe Lincoln.

“Bradley County was where we lived fore we went to Texas and afterward.  Colonel Ed Hampton’s plantation jined the Rawls plantation on the Arkansas River where it overflowed the land.  I loved that better than any place I ever seed in my life.