portages, leave one canoe resting, bottom up, on this kind of frame, to protect it from injury by the weather, until their return.  Among other things which lay strewed about here, were a spearshaft, eight feet in length, recently made and ochred; parts of old canoes, fragments of their skin-dresses, &c.  For some distance around, the trunks of many of the birch, and of that species of spruce pine called here the Var (Pinus balsamifera) had been rinded; these people using the inner part of the bark of that kind of tree for food.  Some of the cuts in the trees with the axe, were evidently made the preceding year.  Besides these, we were elated by other encouraging signs.  The traces left by the Red Indians are so peculiar, that we were confident those we saw here were made by them.

“This spot has been a favourite place of settlement with these people.  It is situated at the commencement of a portage, which forms a communication by a path between the sea-coast at Badger Bay, about eight miles to the north-east, and a chain of lakes extending westerly and southerly from hence, and discharging themselves by a rivulet into the River Exploits, about thirty miles from its mouth.  A path also leads from this place to the lakes, near New Bay, to the eastward.  Here are the remains of one of their villages, where the vestiges of eight or ten winter mamatecks, or wigwams, each intended to contain from six to eighteen or twenty people, are distinctly seen close together.  Besides these, there are the remains of a number of summer wigwams.  Every winter wigwam has close by it a small square-mouthed or oblong pit, dug into the earth, about four feet deep, to preserve their stores, &c. in.  Some of these pits were lined with birch rind.  We discovered also in this village the remains of a vapour-bath.  The method used by the Boeothicks to raise the steam, was by pouring water on large stones made very hot for the purpose, in the open air, by burning a quantity of wood around them; after this process, the ashes were removed, and a hemispherical framework closely covered with skins, to exclude the external air, was fixed over the stones.  The patient then crept in under the skins, taking with him a birch-rind bucket of water, and a small bark-dish to dip it out, which, by pouring on the stones, enabled him to raise the steam at pleasure.[5]

“At Hall’s Bay we got no useful information, from the three (and the only) English families settled there.  Indeed we could hardly have expected any; for these, and such people, have been the unchecked and ruthless destroyers of the tribe, the remnant of which we were in search of.  After sleeping one night in a house, we again struck into the country to the westward.