sections:  jokes about bodily humiliation, jokes about things alien, such as foreigners, and jokes about bad cheese.  Mr. Max Beerbohm thought he understood the first two forms; but I am not sure that he did.  In order to understand vulgar humour it is not enough to be humorous.  One must also be vulgar, as I am.  And in the first case it is surely obvious that it is not merely at the fact of something being hurt that we laugh (as I trust we do) when a Prime Minister sits down on his hat.  If that were so we should laugh whenever we saw a funeral.  We do not laugh at the mere fact of something falling down; there is nothing humorous about leaves falling or the sun going down.  When our house falls down we do not laugh.  All the birds of the air might drop around us in a perpetual shower like a hailstorm without arousing a smile.  If you really ask yourself why we laugh at a man sitting down suddenly in the street you will discover that the reason is not only recondite, but ultimately religious.  All the jokes about men sitting down on their hats are really theological jokes; they are concerned with the Dual Nature of Man.  They refer to the primary paradox that man is superior to all the things around him and yet is at their mercy.

Quite equally subtle and spiritual is the idea at the back of laughing at foreigners.  It concerns the almost torturing truth of a thing being like oneself and yet not like oneself.  Nobody laughs at what is entirely foreign; nobody laughs at a palm tree.  But it is funny to see the familiar image of God disguised behind the black beard of a Frenchman or the black face of a Negro.  There is nothing funny in the sounds that are wholly inhuman, the howling of wild beasts or of the wind.  But if a man begins to talk like oneself, but all the syllables come out different, then if one is a man one feels inclined to laugh, though if one is a gentleman one resists the inclination.

Mr. Max Beerbohm, I remember, professed to understand the first two forms of popular wit, but said that the third quite stumped him.  He could not see why there should be anything funny about bad cheese.  I can tell him at once.  He has missed the idea because it is subtle and philosophical, and he was looking for something ignorant and foolish.  Bad cheese is funny because it is (like the foreigner or the man fallen on the pavement) the type of the transition or transgression across a great mystical boundary.  Bad cheese symbolises the change from the inorganic to the organic.  Bad cheese symbolises the startling prodigy of matter taking on vitality.  It symbolises the origin of life itself.  And it is only about such solemn matters as the origin of life that the democracy condescends to joke.  Thus, for instance, the democracy jokes about marriage, because marriage is a part of mankind.  But the democracy would never deign to joke about Free Love, because Free Love is a piece of priggishness.