and slain in the fourth, he was afraid of losing his empire; he had to quit the land of the Swedes and go back to his own country.  Thus Erik regained the kingdom of Sweden all the more quickly, that he quitted it so lightly.  Had fortune wished to favour him in keeping his kingdom as much as she had in regaining it, she would in nowise have given him into the hand of Halfdan.  This capture was made in the following way:  When Halfdan had gone back into Sweden, he hid his fleet craftily, and went to meet Erik with two vessels.  Erik attacked him with ten; and Halfdan, sailing through sundry winding channels, stole back to his concealed forces.  Erik pursued him too far, and the Danish fleet came out on the sea.  Thus Erik was surrounded; but he rejected the life, which was offered him under condition of thraldom.  He could not bear to think more of the light of day than liberty, and chose to die rather than serve; lest he should seem to love life so well as to turn from a slave into a freeman; and that he might not court with new-born obeisance the man whom fortune had just before made only his equal.  So little knows virtue how to buy life with dishonour.  Wherefore he was put in chains, and banished to a place haunted by wild beasts; an end unworthy of that lofty spirit.

Halfdan had thus become sovereign of both kingdoms, and graced his fame with a triple degree of honour.  For he was skillful and eloquent in composing poems in the fashion of his country; and he was no less notable as a valorous champion than as a powerful king.  But when he heard that two active rovers, Toke and Anund, were threatening the surrounding districts, he attacked and routed them in a sea-fight.  For the ancients thought that nothing was more desirable than glory which was gained, not by brilliancy of wealth, but by address in arms.  Accordingly, the most famous men of old were so minded as to love seditions, to renew quarrels, to loathe ease, to prefer fighting to peace, to be rated by their valour and not by their wealth, to find their greatest delight in battles, and their least in banquetings.

But Halfdan was not long to seek for a rival.  A certain Siwald, of most illustrious birth, related with lamentation in the assembly of the Swedes the death of Frode and his queen; and inspired in almost all of them such a hatred of Halfdan, that the vote of the majority granted him permission to revolt.  Nor was he content with the mere goodwill of their voices, but so won the heart of the commons by his crafty canvassing that he induced almost all of them to set with their hands the royal emblem on his head.  Siwald had seven sons, who were such clever sorcerers that often, inspired with the force of sudden frenzy, they would roar savagely, bite their shields, swallow hot coals, and go through any fire that could be piled up; and their frantic passion could only be checked by the rigour of chains, or propitiated by slaughter of men.  With such a frenzy did their own sanguinary temper, or else the fury of demons, inspire them.