[Footnote 25:  Edward Channing, The Narragansett Planters (Johns Hopkins University Studies, IV, no. 3, Baltimore, 1886).]

[Footnote 26:  Gertrude S. Kimball, Providence in Colonial Times (Boston, 1912), p. 247.]

[Footnote 27:  W.D.  Johnston, “Slavery in Rhode Island, 1755-1776,” in Rhode Island Historical Society Publications, new series, II, 126, 127.]

The earliest piece of legislation in Rhode Island concerning negroes was of an anti-slavery character.  This was an act adopted by the joint government of Providence and Warwick in 1652, when for the time being those towns were independent of the rest.  It required, under a penalty of L40, that all negroes be freed after having rendered ten years of service.[28] This act may be attributed partly perhaps to the liberal influence of Roger Williams, and partly to the virtual absence of negroes in the towns near the head of the bay.  It long stood unrepealed, but it was probably never enforced, for no sooner did negroes become numerous than a conservative reaction set in which deprived this peculiar law of any public sanction it may have had at the time of enactment.  When in the early eighteenth century legislation was resumed in regard to negroes, it took the form of a slave code much like that of Connecticut but with an added act, borrowed perhaps from a Southern colony, providing that slaves charged with theft be tried by impromptu courts consisting of two or more justices of the peace or town officers, and that appeal might be taken to a court of regular session only at the master’s request and upon his giving bond for its prosecution.  Some of the towns, furthermore, added by-laws of their own for more thorough police.  South Kingstown for instance adopted an order that if any slave were found in the house of a free negro, both guest and host were to be whipped.[29] The Rhode Island Quakers in annual meeting began as early as 1717 to question the propriety of importing slaves, and other persons from time to time echoed their sentiments; but it was not until just before the American Revolution that legislation began to interfere with the trade or the institution.

[Footnote 28:  Rhode Island Colonial Records, I, 243.]

[Footnote 29:  Channing, The Narragansett Planters, p. 11.]

The colonies of Plymouth and New Haven in the period of their separate existence, and the colonies of Maine and New Hampshire throughout their careers, are negligible in a general account of negro slavery because their climate and their industrial requirements, along with their poverty, prevented them from importing any appreciable number of negroes.