Bacon soon became, and indeed has remained almost
to the present day, a half-mythical character.
To the imagination of the common people, he was a
great necromancer; he had had dealings with the Evil
One, who had revealed many of the secrets of Nature
to him; he had made a head of brass that could speak
and foretell future events; and to him were attributed
other not less wonderful inventions, which seem to
have formed a common stock for popular legends of this
sort during the Middle Ages, and to have been ascribed
indiscriminately to one philosopher or another in
various countries and in various times.[9] The references
in our early literature to Friar Bacon, as one who
had had familiarity with spirits and been a master
in magic arts, are so numerous as to show that the
belief in these stories was wide-spread, and that
the real character of the learned Friar was quite given
over to oblivion. But time slowly brings about
its revenges; and the man whom his ignorant and stupid
fellows thought fit to hamper and imprison, and whom
popular credulity looked upon with that half-horror
and half-admiration with which those were regarded
who were supposed to have put their souls in pawn
for the sake of tasting the forbidden fruit, is now
recognized not only as one of the most profound and
clearest thinkers of his time, but as the very first
among its experimental philosophers, and as a prophet
of truths which, then neglected and despised, have
since been adopted as axioms in the progress of science.
“The precursor of Galileo,” says M. Haureau,
in his work on Scholastic Philosophy, “he learned
before him how rash it is to offend the prejudices
of the multitude, and to desire to give lessons to
the ignorant.”
The range of Roger Bacon’s studies was encyclopedic,
comprehending all the branches of learning then open
to scholars. Brucker, in speaking of him in his
History of Philosophy, has no words strong enough to
express his admiration for his abilities and learning.
“Seculi sui indolem multum superavit,”
“vir summus, tantaque occultioris philosophiae
cognitione et experientia nobilis, ut merito Doctoris
Mirabilis titulum reportaverit."[10] The logical and
metaphysical studies, in the intricate subtilties
of which most of the schoolmen of his time involved
themselves, presented less attraction to Bacon than
the pursuits of physical science and the investigation
of Nature. His genius, displaying the practical
bent of his English mind, turning with weariness from
the endless verbal discussions of the Nominalists
and Realists, and recognizing the impossibility of
solving the questions which divided the schools of
Europe into two hostile camps, led him to the study
of branches of knowledge that were held in little
repute. He recognized the place of mathematics
as the basis of exact science, and proceeded to the
investigation of the facts and laws of optics, mechanics,
chemistry, and astronomy. But he did not limit
himself to positive science; he was at the same time
a student of languages and of language, of grammar
and of music. He was versed not less in the arts
of the Trivium than in the sciences of the
Quadrivium.[11]