expended upward of $100,000,000, in efforts to suppress it; yet the insurrection seems today as active and as powerful as it has ever been.”  Spain’s losses among her troops were not due so much to the casualties of war as they were to the ravages of disease, especially yellow fever.  The process, in which both parties would appear to be about equally culpable, of destroying property and taking life when occasion offered, proceedings which are hardly to be dignified by the name of war, continued until the beginning of 1878.  Throughout the entire period of the war, the American officials labored diligently for its termination on a basis that would give fair promise of an enduring peace.  Many questions arose concerning the arrest of American citizens and the destruction of property of American ownership.  Proposals to grant the Cubans the rights of belligerents were dismissed as not properly warranted by the conditions, and questions arose regarding the supply of arms and ammunition, from this country, by filibustering expeditions.  References to Cuban affairs appear in many presidential messages, and the matter was a subject of much discussion and numerous measures in Congress.  Diplomatic communication was constantly active.  In his message of December 7, 1875, President Grant said:  “The past year has furnished no evidence of an approaching termination of the ruinous conflict which has been raging for seven years in the neighboring island of Cuba.  While conscious that the insurrection has shown a strength and endurance which make it at least doubtful whether it be in the power of Spain to subdue it, it seems unquestionable that no such civil organization exists which may be recognized as an independent government capable of performing its international obligations and entitled to be treated as one of the powers of the earth.”  Nor did he then deem the grant of belligerent rights to the Cubans as either expedient or properly warranted by the circumstances.

In 1878, Martinez Campos was Governor-General of Cuba, and Maximo Gomez was Commander-in-Chief of the Cuban forces.  Both parties were weary of the prolonged hostilities, and neither was able to compel the other to surrender.  Spain, however, professed a willingness to yield an important part of the demands of her rebellious subjects.  Martinez Campos and Gomez met at Zanjon and, on February 10, 1878, mutually agreed to what has been variously called a peace pact, a treaty, and a capitulation.  The agreement was based on provisions for a redress of Cuban grievances through greater civil, political, and administrative privileges for the Cubans, with forgetfulness of the past and amnesty for all then under sentence for political offences.  Delay in carrying these provisions into effect gave rise to an attempt to renew the struggle two years later, but the effort was a failure.

Matters then quieted down for a number of years.  The Cubans waited to see what would be done.  The Spanish Governor-General still remained the supreme power and, aside from the abolition of slavery, the application of the Spanish Constitution and Spanish laws to Cuba, and Cuban representation in the Cortes, much of which was rather form than fact, the island gained little by the new conditions.  Discontent and protest continued and, at last, broke again into open rebellion in 1895.