“He painted in glowing colors the dreadful effects of intemperance—­both upon civilized and savage life—­told them that they must resolve to abstain entirely from it.  If they admitted it at all among them, it would soon conquer them, and reduce them to a condition worse than that of the brute creation.  That not until they abandoned altogether the use of ardent spirits would they be fit subjects for civilization.  If they were ready to do this he would then unfold to them the blessings of civilization—­the superiority of such a condition over the one in which they then subsisted.  He traced their history from the earliest period to the present time—­shewed them how, as the white population had expanded itself, they had retreated into the western wilderness—­that if they did not remain, but continued to retreat, in a few years they would have no territory upon this continent.  In order, therefore, to their permanent establishment, he recommended to them the practice of agriculture, as a substitute for hunting.  He advised them to mark out their lands, and ask advice of the agents established by the Society of Friends among them, with respect to their cultivation.  They stood ready, not only with their advice, but with their assistance; they were furnished for their use with all the necessary implements of husbandry, with beasts of the plough also, and beasts of burden.

“They had come a great distance, endured much privation and fatigue in order to see them, and must endure a great deal more before they could again behold their wives and their children.  But they could bear it all with patience, nay with joy, if they could only have the satisfaction of seeing them adopt the disinterested advice which he had thus given them.”

The following is one of the speeches made in reply, by White Loon, an influential chief: 

“Brothers:—­Ever since your great father Onas, (William Penn,) came upon this great island, the Quakers have been the friends of red men.  They have proved themselves worthy of being the descendants of their great father.  And now, when all the whites have forgotten that they owe any thing to us, the Quakers of Baltimore, though so far distant from us, have remembered the distressed condition of their red brethren, and interceded with the Great Spirit in our behalf.

“Brothers:—­You have travelled very far to see us—­you have climbed over mountains—­you have swam over deep and rapid torrents—­you have endured cold, and hunger, and fatigue, in order that you might have an opportunity of seeing your red brethren.  For this, so long as life exists within us, we shall be very grateful.

“Brothers:—­That wide region of country over which you have passed, was once filled with red men.  Then was there a plenty of deer and buffalo, and all kinds of game.  But the white people came from beyond the great water; they landed in multitudes on our shores;