“England already obtains luxuries in superabundance; but these can never supply the wants of her artizans—­they demand substantial bread and meat, and a market where their labor can procure these necessaries.  Tropical climates are not adapted to supply their wants.  For this reason trade either with the East or West Indies cannot give effectual relief:  it may furnish luxuries, but England is overstocked with them already.  The food of tropical climates, with the exception of rice, is not calculated for export.  The people of England, if they are to import food, need the production of a climate similar to their own.  In this respect America is well adapted to supply them.

“All parts of the United States between thirty-seven and forty-four degrees of north latitude will produce wheat.  But that part of the country best adapted to furnish an abundant supply is, beyond all question, the northern part of the Mississippi valley, and the contiguous country south of the great lakes.  It has been styled par excellence the wheat-growing region of America.  Within its limits lie the six north-western States of the American Union, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, and Wiskonsan (including as States the two territories of Iowa and Wiskonsan, about to be admitted into the Union.) These States, exclusive of two hundred thousand square miles, the title to which is yet mostly in the Indian tribes, cover an area of two hundred and thirty-six thousand and eleven square miles.  The country is, generally, an undulating prairie, interspersed with groves of trees, and unbroken by hill or mountain.  The soil commonly rests upon a strata of limestone, is fertile beyond description, and abundantly watered by the finest springs and streams.  Its climate is clear and salubrious, and the country as well calculated as any other on the globe to minister to the support and happiness of civilized man.  As already explained, for an inland country, it possesses unequalled facilities for foreign intercourse and commerce, by means of its great lakes and rivers.  The most distant parts of it are now reached in twenty days from Liverpool.  The energies of the American people have been chiefly expended, during the last few years, in opening and taking possession of this region, which they consider destined to become the future seat of American wealth and greatness.

“Wheat once formed a leading article in the exports of the United States.  The trade of that country with Great Britain was then double the present amount in proportion to the number of the population.  Had the trade of the two countries continued free, it would have increased with the increase of population and capital.  The legitimate exchange trade has decreased between England and America for thirty years.  What part has the restrictive system had in producing this result?  A few facts may enable us not only to answer this question, but to anticipate the