EUROPEAN CITIES.—­NAPLES.

[Illustration:  European Cities.—­Naples.]

In our last volume we commenced the design of illustrating the principal Cities of Europe, by a series of picturesque views—­one of which is represented in the above engraving.  Our miscellaneous duties in identifying the pages of the mirror with subjects of contemporary interest, and anxiety to bring them on our little tapis—­(qy.  Twopence?)—­will best account for the interval which has elapsed since the commencement of our design—­with a View of London; but were all travellers as tardy, the Grand Tour of Europe would occupy many years, and leave fashion-mongers but little more than rouge, wrinkles, and bon-bons to delight their friends at home.

The proximity of Naples to Rome may, perhaps, impair the interest of the former city, especially as it presents nothing in architecture, sculpture, or painting that can vie with the Imperial Mistress.  Nevertheless, Naples is one of the most beautiful and most delightful cities on the habitable globe.  Nothing can possibly be imagined more unique than its coup-d’oeil, on whatever side the city is viewed.

Naples is situated towards the south and east on the declivity of a long range of hills, and encircling a gulf of 16 miles in breadth, and as many in length, which forms a basin, called Crater by the Neapolitans.  The city appears to crown this superb basin.  One part rises towards the west in the form of an amphitheatre, on the hills of Pausilippo, St. Ermo, and Antiguano; the other extends towards the east, over a more level territory, in which villas follow each other in rapid succession, from the Magdalen Bridge to Portici, where the king’s palace is situated, and beyond that to Mount Vesuvius.  The Neapolitans have a saying, Vedi Napoli e po mari, intimating that when Naples has been seen, every thing has been seen; and its congregated charms of situation, climate, and fertility almost warrant this patriotic ebullition.

“On the northern side, Naples is surrounded by hills, which (says Vasi, in his ‘Picture,’) form a kind of crown round the Terra di Lavoro, the Land of Labour.”  This consists of a district, in the language of ancient Rome,

------Lecos laeros, et amoena vireta
Fortunatorum nemorum, sedesque beatas—­

and fertilized by a river, called Sebeto, which descends from the hills on the side of Nola, and falls into the sea after having passed under Magdalen Bridge, towards the eastern part of Naples.

The ancient history of Naples is involved in much obscurity.  According to some, says Vasi, Falerna, one of the Argonauts, founded it about 1,300 years before the Christian era; according to others, Parthenope, one of the Syrens, celebrated by Homer in his “Odyssey,” being shipwrecked on this coast, landed here, and built a town, to which she gave her name; others attribute its foundation to Hercules, some to Eneas, and others to Ulysses.  These are mere freaks of fiction and fable; and it is more probable that Naples was founded by some Greek colonies; this may be inferred from its own name, Neapolis, and from the name of another town contiguous to it, Paleopolis. Strabo speaks of these Greek colonies, whence the city derives its origin.