Climbing Fern. Lygodium palmatum
Adder’s Tongue. Ophioglossum vulgatum
Moonwort. Botrychium Lunaria
Moonwort, Details
Little Grape Fern. Botrychium simplex
Lance-leaved Grape Fern. Botrychium lanceolatum
Matricary Grape Fern. Botrychium ramosum
Common Grape Fern. Botrychium obliquum
Botrychium obliquum var. dissectum
Botrychium obliquum var. oneidense
Ternate Grape Fern. Botrychium ternatum var. intermedium
Ternate Grape Fern. B. ternatum var. intermedium
Rattlesnake Fern. Botrychium virginianum
Filmy Fern. Trichomanes Boschianum
Fruiting Pinnules of Filmy Fern
Crosiers
Noted Fern Authors
Spray of the Bulblet Bladder Fern

PREFACE

A lover of nature feels the fascination of the ferns though he may know little of their names and habits.  Beholding them in their native haunts, adorning the rugged cliffs, gracefully fringing the water-courses, or waving their stately fronds on the borders of woodlands, he feels their call to a closer acquaintance.  Happy would he be to receive instruction from a living teacher:  His next preference would be the companionship of a good fern book.  Such a help we aim to give him in this manual.  If he will con it diligently, consulting its glossary for the meaning of terms while he quickens his powers of observation by studying real specimens, he may hope to learn the names and chief qualities of our most common ferns in a single season.

Our most productive period in fern literature was between 1878, when Williamson published his “Ferns of Kentucky,” and 1905, when Clute issued, “Our Ferns in Their Haunts.”  Between these flourished D.C.  Eaton, Davenport, Waters, Dodge, Parsons, Eastman, Underwood, A.A.  Eaton, Slosson, and others.  All their works are now out of print except Clute’s just mentioned and Mrs. Parsons’ “How to Know the Ferns.”  Both of these are valuable handbooks and amply illustrated.  Clute’s is larger, more scholarly, and more inclusive of rare species, with an illustrated key to the genera; while Mrs. Parsons’ is more simple and popular, with a naive charm that creates for it a constant demand.

We trust there is room also for this unpretentious, but progressive, handbook, designed to stimulate interest in the ferns and to aid the average student in learning their names and meaning.  Its geographical limits include the northeastern states and Canada.  Its nomenclature follows in the main the seventh edition of Gray’s Manual, while the emendations set forth in Rhodora, of October, 1919, and also a few terms of later adoption are embodied, either as synonyms or substitutes for the more familiar Latin names of the Manual, and are indicated by a different type.  In every case the student has before him both the older and the more recent terms from which