reputation of a lady who is mostly regarded as having been a very model of chastity.  It would have astonished the gods, who were so joyous over the consequence of their associate’s irregularities, had they been told that their pet was destined to outlast them all, and to affect human affairs, by his action, long after their sway should be over.  Jupiter has been dethroned for ages, and exists only in marble or bronze; and Apollo, and Mercury, and Bacchus, and all the rest of the old deities, are but names, or the shadows of names; but Pan is as active to-day as he was, when, nearly four-and-twenty centuries ago, he asked the worship of the Athenians, and intimated that he might be useful to them in return,—­which intimation he probably made good but a little later on the immortal field of Marathon.  For not only was Pan the god of shepherds, and the protector of bees, and the patron of sportsmen, but to him were attributed those terrors which have decided the event of many battles.  He is generally identified with the Faunus of the Latins, and a new interest in the Fauni has been created by the genius of Hawthorne.  If it be true that the popular idea of Satan is derived from Pan, we have another evidence therein of the breadth as well as the length of his dominion over human affairs; for Satan, judging from men’s conduct, was never more active, more successful, and more grimly joyous than he is in this year of grace (and disgrace) one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.  “The harmless Faun,” says Bulwer Lytton, “has been the figuration of the most implacable of fiends.”  Satan and Pan ought to be one, if we regard the kind of work in which the latter has lately been engaged.  The former’s sympathies are undoubtedly with the Secessionists, and to his active aid we must attribute their successes, both as thieves and as soldiers.

The number of instances of panic terror in armies is enormous.  Panics have taken place in all armies, from that brief campaign in which Abram smote the hosts of the plundering kings, hard by Damascus, to that briefer campaign in which General McDowell did not smite the Secessionists, hard by Washington.  The Athenians religiously believed that Pan aided them at Marathon; and it would go far to account for the defeat of the vast Oriental host, in that action, by a handful of Greeks, if we could believe that that host became panic-stricken.  At Plataea, the allies of the Persians fell into a panic as soon as the Persians were beaten, and fled without striking a blow.  At the Battle of Amphipolis, in the Peloponnesian War, and which was so fatal to the Athenians, the Athenian left wing and centre fled in a panic, without making any resistance.  The Battle of Pydna, which placed the Macedonian monarchy in the hands of the Romans, was decided by a panic befalling the Macedonian cavalry after the phalanx had been broken.  At Leuctra and at Mantinea, battles so fatal to the Spartan supremacy in Greece, the defeated armies suffered